

                        Table of Contents


1. TurboROM OVERVIEW
   1. Introduction........................................... 1-1
   2. How to Use This Manuel................................. 1-2
   3. Product Compatibilty................................... 1-2
      1. Compatibility, '83 TurboROM......................... 1-3
      2. Compatibility, ProGRAPHICS TurboROM................. 1-3
      3. Compatibility, '84 TurboROM......................... 1-3
      4. Compatibility, 10 TurboROM.......................... 1-3
      5. Compatibility, Universal ROM........................ 1-4
   4. Support Software....................................... 1-4
   5. Notation and conventions............................... 1-5
   6. Trademarks............................................. 1-5

2. TurboROM INSTALLATION, Non-Kapro 10
   1. General Points......................................... 2-1
   2. TurboROM Diskette Backup, Non-Kapro 10s................ 2-1
   3. TurboROM System, Non-Kapro 10.......................... 2-3
   4. Installing the TurboROM, Non-Kapro 10.................. 2-4
      1. Installation Notes, '83 TurboROM.................... 2-4
      2. Installation Notes, ProGRAPHICS TurboROM............ 2-5
      3. Installation Notes, '84 TurboROM.................... 2-5
      4. TurboROM Installation, Non-Kaypro 10................ 2-5
   5. Optimizing the System Size............................. 2-7
   6. Floppy Disk System Notes............................... 2-8

3. TurboROM INSTALLATION, Kaypro 10
   1. General Points......................................... 3-1
   2. TurboROM Diskette Backup, Kaypro 10s................... 3-1
   3. TurboROM System, Kaypro 10............................. 3-3
   4. Installing the TurboROM, Kaypro 10..................... 3-5
   5. Writing CP/M to the System Tracks, Kaypro 10........... 3-7
   6. Optimizing the System Size............................. 3-8
   7. Kaypro 10 Hard Disk Notes.............................. 3-9


4. TurboROM UTILITIES   
   1. MAKTURBO.COM.......................................... 4-1
   2. MOVTURBO.COM.......................................... 4-2
   3. PEEK.COM.............................................. 4-2
   4. TURBOCFG.COM.......................................... 4-4
      1. Main Menu.......................................... 4-5
      2. Configuration Menu................................. 4-6
   5. TURBOCPY.COM.......................................... 4-12
   6. TURBOGEN.COM.......................................... 4-13
   7. TURBOMAP.COM.......................................... 4-13
      1. Logical Drive Names................................ 4-14
      2. TurboROM Drive Nomenclature........................ 4-14
      3. Using TURBOMAP..................................... 4-15

5. TurboROM NOTES
   1. ZCPR1................................................. 5-1
      1. Changes to CCP Commands............................ 5-2
      2. New CCP Commands................................... 5-3
      3. Command Search Path................................ 5-4
   2. CP/M Logical Names.................................... 5-5
   3. Floppy Disk Drives.................................... 5-6
      1. Floppy Disk Formats................................ 5-6
      2. Advent Floppy Formats.............................. 5-7
      3. TURBOSET Floppy Formats............................ 5-7
      4. Adding Floppy Disk Drives.......................... 5-7
      5. Fast Seek Option................................... 5-7
   4. Hard Disk Drives...................................... 5-8
      1. Adding Hard Drives................................. 5-8
      2. K10FMT Kaypro 10 Hard Disk Formatter............... 5-9
      3. ADVFMT Hard Disk Formatter......................... 5-9
   5. RAM Disk Support...................................... 5-10
   6. TurboROM Video Features............................... 5-11
      1. Video Control Codes and Escape Sequences........... 5-11
      2. New Video Features:................................ 5-12
   7. Screen Blanking....................................... 5-14
      1. Screen Blanking, '84 TurboROM...................... 5-14
      2. Screen Blanking, '83 TurboROM...................... 5-14
      3. Screen Blanking, ProGRAPHICS TurboROM.............. 5-15
   8. Keypad and Arrow Keys................................. 5-16
   9. Screen Dump, Prographics.............................. 5-16


6. K10FMT
   1. Main Menu Display..................................... 6-1
   2. Advent Hard Disk Formats.............................. 6-3
      1. Sector Skew........................................ 6-3
      2. Starting the Format Operation...................... 6-3
      3. Manufacturer's Flaw Map............................ 6-4
      4. Verify and Test Operation.......................... 6-4
      5. Bad Track Report................................... 6-5
      6. Drive Partitioning................................. 6-5
      7. Landing Zone....................................... 6-6
      8. Partition Description.............................. 6-6
      9. Total Partition Description........................ 6-8
      10. CP/M Directory Initialization..................... 6-8
      11. Parameter Sector Write............................ 6-8
      12. Writing CP/M to the System Tracks, TurboROM....... 6-8
   3. Kaypro 10 Hard Disk Format............................ 6-9
      1. Formatting the Drive............................... 6-9
      2. Writing CP/M to the System Tracks, Kaypro.......... 6-9
   4. Advanced Option Menu.................................. 6-10





A. Early Kaypro II, 4K EPROM Modification
   1. TurboROM Adapter Kit, Early Kaypro II................. A-1
   2. Early Kaypro II, 4K EPROM Modification................ A-2

B. Early Kaypro II, Double Sided Drives
   1. Main Board Removal.................................... B-1
   2. Main Board Modification............................... B-2

C. Early Kaypro II, Field Service Bulletin #4............... C-1

D. Early Kaypro 10. 8K EPROM Modification
   1. Cover Removal......................................... D-1
   2. Main Board Modification............................... D-1  


E. Personality/Decoder Board
   1. Product Description.................................... E-1
   2. Product Compatibility, Personality Decoder Board....... E-1
   3. Status Switch.......................................... E-2
   4. Status Switch Usage.................................... E-2
   5. Disk Drive Requirements................................ E-3
   6. Kaypro 10 Compatibility................................ E-4
   7. Modifications for the Kaypro 10........................ E-4
   8. Fast Seek Option....................................... E-5
   9. Personality/Decoder Board Notes........................ E-6
   10. Personality/Decoder Board Schematics.................. E-7

F. WordStar Enhancements
   1. Modifying WordStar..................................... F-1
   2. Defining the Function Keys............................. F-2

G. TurboROM Video Sequences.................................. G-1

H. Early Kaypro 10, Field Upgrade 81-303
   1. Identifying an Early Kaypro 10......................... H-1
   2. Making the Upgrade..................................... H-2
   3. Reasons, Kaypro 10 Upgrade 81-303...................... H-4

INDEX



                         List of Figures 

2-1: Sysgen, Non-Kaypro...................................... 2-2
2-2: Non-Kaypro 10, Building the TurboROM System............. 2-3
2-3: Non-Kaypro 10, Writing TurboROM System.................. 2-4
2-4: Writing the Optimized System............................ 2-8

3-1: Kaypro 10 Turbogen...................................... 3-3
3-2: Making the TurboROM System, Kaypro 10................... 3-4
3-3: Writing CP/M to the Hard Disk Systems Tracks............ 3-7
3-4: Writing the Optimized CP/M to the Hard Disk Tracks...... 3-9

4-1: PEEK Display............................................ 4-2
4-2: TurboROM Memory Layout (Usage).......................... 4-3
4-3: TURBOCFG MainMenu Display............................... 4-5
 


5-1: Set Cursor Type Bit Pattern............................ 5-13

6-1: Main Menu Display...................................... 6-2
6-2: Bad Track Lock Out Display............................. 6-4
6-3: Test / Verify Display.................................. 6-5
6-4: Kaypro 10 Format Display............................... 6-9

E1: Status Switch........................................... E-2


                         List of Tables   

3-1: Kaypro 10 Hard Disk Capacity........................... 3-11

4-1: Raw Function Key Codes................................. 4-10

5-1: TurboROM Floppy Formats................................ 5-7
5-2: TurboROM Hard Disk Format Capability................... 5-10

E-1: Status Switch Settings................................. E-2
E-2: Status Switch Example.................................. E-3
E-3: Kaypro 10 Status Switch Example........................ E-5
E-4: Floppy Disk Controller IC Locations.................... E-6

F-1: WordStar Arrow Key Defaults............................ F-3

G-1: TurboROM Control Codes................................. G-1
G-2: TurboROM ESCAPE SEQUENCES.............................. G-2
G-3: ProGRAPHICS TurboROM ESCAPE SEQUENCES.................. G-2
G-4: '84, and K10 TurboROM ESCAPE SEQUENCES................. G-3
 
 


                            Chapter 1
                        TurboROM Overview



1.1. Introduction

The TurboROM is a replacement EPROM for use in all Kaypro 
computers that use the CP/M operating system.  A complete set of 
software utilities and this manual are included with the 
TurboROM.  The TurboROM provides the following major benefits to 
your Kaypro: 


     1. Disk Speed Improvements:
        2X to 4X speed improvements on all disk writes (both hard
        and floppy disk drives).  Optional disk formats are 
        supported that provide significant improvements in
        disk read, disk write, random file access, and additional
        directory entries.


     2. Kaypro 10 CP/M System Size and Hard Disk Capacity:
        CP/M size increase from the standard 60K to over 63K.  
        Formatted hard disk capacity increase from 9 megabytes to
        over 11 megabytes, depending on the format used to 
        reformat the drive.


     3. New Features:
        . Type-ahead keyboard buffer
        . Built-in screen-dump
        . Cursor configuration (e.g. block, line, flashing, 
          nonflashing)
        . Video screen blanking after approximately 10 minutes of 
          nonuse (screen saver). 
        . On-screen time display on '84 machines with clocks 
          (Kaypro and most of the add-on clocks supported.)
        . Auto detection of several floppy disk formats 
          (including Micro Cornucopia 96TPI).
        . Support for nearly all CP/M diskette formats (requires 
          Plu*Perfect Systems MULTICOPY program). 
        . Time and date stamping of files (requires Plu*Perfect 
          Systems K6-B DateStamper, does not require Plu*Perfect
          Systems CP/M Enhancements). 
 
                               1-1    


     4. Hardware Extensions:
        . Hard disk upgrades for all Kaypros (up to 112Mb 
          supported).
        . Support for up to four floppy disk drives and 96 TPI 
          drives
        . Support for Advent RAM Disk
        . Support for built-in and add on clocks


1.2. How to Use This Manuel

If you are installing the TurboROM on a non-Kaypro 10 computer, 
follow the installation instructions in Chapter 2.  If the 
installation is on a Kaypro 10, please refer to Chapter 3.

Once the installation is completed please read Chapter 4.  This 
chapter describes the utility software.  Please pay close 
attention to the description of the TURBOCFG utility.  You may 
need to use TURBOCFG to set up the TurboROM system for your 
printer.

Chapter 5 provides information on how the TurboROM system may
differ from the original Kaypro system that you have been using.
A quick scan of this chapter is recommended.

Chapter 6 provides information on the use of the K10FMT program.  
This chapter is only applicable to Kaypro 10 users.

The appendices are provided primarily for reference information 
on hardware modifications.  The installation chapters (2 and 3) 
will direct you to the appropriate appendix.


1.3. Product Compatibility

There are several versions of the TurboROM product, the '83 
TurboROM, the '84 TurboROM, K10 TurboROM, and a version for '83 
machines using the ProGRAPHICS video system.  These TurboROM 
versions are designed to replace the monitor ROMs in all versions 
of the Z80 based Kaypro computers with the exception of the ROBIE.

                               1-2 


1.3.1. Compatibility, '83 TurboROM

This product is a 4K EPROM.  This version of the TurboROM is 
designed for the Kaypro II and Kaypro 4 computers.  These 
products can be identified by the two full size floppy disk 
drives and by the presence of one serial I/O port on the back.

For installation on early Kaypro II computers, an adapter kit or 
circuit modifications are required for installation.  The 
TurboROM Adapter Kit is available for this application from 
Advent Products.  Please refer to Chapter 2 in this manual for 
further information.


1.3.2. Compatibility, ProGRAPHICS TurboROM

This version of the TurboROM is designed for the Kaypro II and 
Kaypro 4 products that are using the Advent Products ProGRAPHICS 
video enhancement.  This version of the TurboROM adds screen dump 
capability to the ProGRAPHICS system.

For installation on early Kaypro II computers, and adapter kit or 
circuit modifications are required for installation.  The 
TurboROM Adapter Kit is available for this application from 
Advent Products.  Please refer to Chapter 2 in this manual for 
further information.


1.3.3. Compatibility, '84 TurboROM

This product is an 8K EPROM.  This version of the TurboROM is 
designed for the newer Kaypro products including the Kaypro 1, 
2X, 4X, and 4'84.  These products can be identified by half 
height floppy disk drives and the presence of two serial I/O 
ports on the back.


1.3.4. Compatibility, 10 TurboROM

This version of the TurboROM is designed for the Kaypro 10.  The 
actual TurboROM is the same as is used in the '84 TurboROM 
product, however the software portion of the product is slightly 
different, to fit the needs of the Kaypro 10.

                               1-3


This product may require the TurboROM Adapter Kit, available
from Advent Products, or circuit modifications for installation
on early Kaypro 10 computers, where the 50 conductor, flat
ribbon hard disk cable attaches near the center of the main 
circuit board.  Please refer to Chapter 3 in this manual for 
further information 


1.3.5. Compatibility, Universal ROM

The latest version of the Kaypros are shipped with the Universal 
ROM.  The TurboROM can be used to replace the Universal ROM, 
however there are some compatibility issues:

     1. Kaypro 10
        The TurboROM is directly compatible with the "pre-
        Universal ROM" Kaypro 10.  The "Universal ROM" Kaypro 10
        hard disk drive must be re-formatted to either the early 
        Kaypro 10 format or one of the Advent Hard disk formats.

     2. Application Software
        The TurboROM follows Kaypro's early treatment and usage 
        of the arrow and keypad keys.  Several of the Universal 
        ROM application programs are specific to the Universal 
        ROM.  We have provided patches for WordStar and are 
        working on patches for other Universal ROM application
        software.  The simplest solution to bundled software
        compatibility would be to use pre-Universal ROM software.


1.4. Support Software

The TurboROM system includes a full complement of software 
utilities on diskette.  These utilities are designed to replace 
corresponding utilities supplied by Kaypro.  The TurboROM Support 
Software is described in detail in Chapter 4 of this manual.

The Kaypro 10 version of the TurboROM includes the K10FMT.COM 
program which can be used to re-format the Kaypro 10 hard disk 
drive.  The K10FMT.COM program is a limited hard disk formatter 
which will format a single physical Kaypro 10 hard disk.

                               1-4 


1.5. Notation and Conventions

The following conventions are used throughout this manual to help 
clarify software usage:

     1. Characters entered at the keyboard are shown inboldface.
     2. The <cr> symbol is used to indicate the pressing of the
        RETURN key on the keyboard.
     3. The <^C> symbol is used to indicate the simultaneous 
        pressing of the CTRL key and the C key.


1.6. Trademarks

TurboROM - Plu*Perfect Systems and Advent Products, Inc.;  The 
Backgrounder, DateStamper - Plu*Perfect Systems;  CP/M - Digital 
Research;  Kaypro - Kaypro Corporation:  Z80 - Zilog Corporation;
WD1002 - Western Digital Corporation; WordStar - MicroPro; Smart 
Key - Software Research Technologies.

                               1-5

 

                            Chapter 2
              TurboROM installation, NON-Kaypro 10               


2.1. General Points

The installation of the TurboROM involves both hardware and 
software.  The order of installation is:

     1. Make backup copies of the TurboROM Support Software 
        diskette.
     2. Make a diskette that will boot with the TurboROM.
     3. Install the TurboROM
     4. Optimize the CP/M system size.


2.2. TurboROM Diskette Backup, Non-Kaypro 10s

The TurboROM Support Software diskette is a single sided 
(Kaypro II ) diskette and does not have a copy of the CP/M 
operating system on it.  This diskette can not be booted.

     1. Two self-adhesive labels are included with the TurboROM.
        Attach each label to a blank diskette.  The names on the
        labels will be used to identify the diskettes.  Format
        each of the blank diskettes using one of the following 
        utilities:

        FASTCOPY.COM  (P*PS CP/M Enhancements users)
        COPY.COM  (Most Kaypro users)
        FORMAT.COM  (Some Kaypro II users)

     2. Place a bootable Kaypro CP/M Master diskette that has
        the programs PIP.COM and SYSGEN.COM in the A drive.  
        Place the formatted diskette labeled Backup Copy in drive
        B.  Press RESET and re-boot the computer.

     3. Copy the CP/M operating system to the Backup Copy
        diskette using the SYSGEN program.  The figure on the
        following page shows the details.

                               2-1


+----------------------------------------------------------+
|   A><^C>                                             |
|   Warm Boot                                              |
|   A>SYSGEN<cr>                                       |
|   KAYPRO SYSGEN VER 2.2                                  |
|   SOURCE DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO SKIP) A            |
|   SOURCE ON A, THEN TYPE RETURN <cr>                 |
|   FUNCTION COMPLETE                                      |
|   DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)B      |
|   DESTINATION ON B, THEN TYPE RETURN<cr>             |
|   FUNCTION COMPLETE                                      |                                      
|   DESTINATION DRIVE NAME OR RETURN TO REBOOT)<cr>    | 
+----------------------------------------------------------+

                 Fig.2-1: Sysgen, Non-Kaypro 10   


     4.  Copy the program PIP.COM to the Backup Copy diskette:

         A>PIP B:=A:PIP.COM<cr>


     5. Remove the diskette from drive A.  Place the diskette 
        labeled Backup Copy in drive A.  Place the TurboROM 
        Support Software diskette in drive B.  RESET the computer 
        and copy all of the files from the TurboROM Support 
        Software diskette to the Backup Copy Diskette:

        A>PIP A:=B:*.*<cr>


     6.  Remove the diskette labeled TurboROM Support Software
         diskette from drive B.  Place the diskette labeled 
         Working Copy in drive B.  Type <^c> to warm boot
         the computer and copy all of the files from the Backup
         Copy diskette to the Working Copy diskette:

         A><^C>

         Warm Boot
         A>PIP B:=A:*.*<cr>


     7.  Remove both diskettes.

                               2-2



2.3.  TurboROM System, Non-Kaypro 10

Kaypro computers have been shipped with many different moniter 
EPROMS and many different versions of the CP/M operating system.  
To overcome the differences created by the various EPROMS and 
operating systems, the TurboROM builds its own version of the 
CP/M operating system.

To build the TurboROM system, either the CPME.PRL file (for 
Plu*Perfect Systems users), or the file MOVCPM.COM, is required 
on the disk in drive A.  The disk in drive A must be a bootable 
system diskette.  If your computer is one of those few which were 
shipped from Kaypro without a copy of MOVCPM.COM, please contact 
a Kaypro dealer or Kaypro corporation to obtain a copy of this 
file.  You will not be able to build the TurboROM system without 
it.  Due to the way MAKTURBO.COM constructs the TurboROM system, 
ANY copy of MOVCPM.COM for any Kaypro will serve the required 
function.

This section describes how to make a bootable diskette for use 
after the TurboROM is installed.  The following files will be 
created on the Working Copy diskette:

      TURBOSYS.PRL  Relocatable TurboROM operating system
      TURB5600.SYS  56K TurboROM operating system

If you are using the Plu*Perfect Systems CP/M Enhancements, place 
the Plu*Perfect Systems Utility Disk, WORKING COPY, containing 
the file CPME>PRL, in drive, A otherwise place the original, 
bootable CP/M diskette from Kaypro, with the file MOVCPM.COM, in 
drive A.  Place the TurboROM Working Copy diskette in drive B.  
RESET the computer.  Log onto drive B and build the Turbo
ROM operating system: 

+------------------------------------------------------+
|  A>B:<cr>                                        |                                       
|  B>MAKTURBO<cr>                                  |
|                                                      |
|  MAKTURBO vl.0 -- (c) 1985, Plu*Perfect Systems      |
|  Warm Boot                                           |
|  B>MOVTURBO 56.00<cr>                            |  
|                                                      |
|  MOVTURBO vl.2 -- (c) 1985, Plu*Perfect Systems      |
|  Relocation can take up to a minute to run.          |
|  Warm Boot                                           |
+------------------------------------------------------+

                               2-3


+-------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                       |
|  B>TURBOGEN TURB5600.sys<cr>                      |
|  TURBOGEN -- VER 3.2                                  |
|  DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)B    |
|  DESTINATION ON B, THEN TYPE RETURN<cr>           |
|                                                       |
|  FUNCTION COMPLETE                                    |
|  DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)<cr> |
+-------------------------------------------------------+

      Fig. 2-3: Non Kaypro 10, Writing the TurboROM System                    


2.4.  Installing the TurboROM, Non Kaypro 10

At this point in the procedure, the TurboROM Working Copy 
diskette has been prepared and will be used to boot the computer 
after the TurboROM has been installed.  To confirm that the 
TurboROM Working Copy has the TurboROM operating system on it, 
place the TurboROM Working Copy in drive A and press the RESET 
button.  The screen should clear, the keyboard should beep, and 
the message "REQUIRES TURBOROM" should appear on the screen.

The following sections detail the physical installation of the 
TurboROM.


2.4.1. Installation Notes, "83 TurboROM

The '83 TurboROM is a 4K (2732A) EPROM.  The TurboROM can be 
plugged directly into Kaypro 4 computers.

Late model Kaypro II computers were shipped with the Kaypro 4 
main board and do not require any changes for use with the Turbo 
ROM.  The late model Kaypro IIs can be distinguished by having 
PC81-240A silk screened on the front right corner of the main 
circuit board.  The moniter EPROM at location U47 (silk-screened 
on the main circuit board) will be labeled 81-232.  The TurboROM 
will plug directly into this main board.

Early Kaypro IIs do not have any number silk screened on the 
front right corner of the main circuit board.  The moniter EPROM 
at location U47 is labeled 81-149.  These early Kaypro IIs must 
be adapted for use with the TurboROM.  If you have an early 
Kaypro II and have not purchased the TurboROM Adapter Kit, there 
are two options.  Either order the TurboROM Adapter Kit from 
Advent Products, or refer to Appendix A of this manual for notes 
on how to adapt the Kaypro II main circuit board for use with the 
TurboROM. 

                               2-4


2.4.2. Installation Notes, ProGRAPHICS TurboROM

The ProGRAPHICS TurboROM is a 4K EPROM.  Installation of this 
version of the TurboROM is identical to the installation of the 
'83 TurboROM.  Early Kaypro II computers may require either the 
TurboROM Adapter Kit or circuit modifications for use with the 
TurboROM.  Please refer to the previous section to determine if 
you have an early Kaypro II.


2.4.3. Installation Notes, '84 TurboROM

The '84 TurboROM is an 8K (2764) EPROM.  The '84 TurboROM can be 
installed without modifications to the '84 Kaypro main board.


2.4.4. TurboROM Installation, Non-Kaypro 10

This section details the physical installation of the TurboROM 
for all Kaypro models.

     1.  Kaypro Cover Removal

         Turn the Kaypro OFF.

         Unplug the Kaypro from the power source.

         Using a medium sized Phillips screwdriver, remove the 
         four screws on each side and the two screws on the top
         of the cover.  Remove the cover and set it aside.

     2.  Kaypro II Update

         If you are installing the TurboROM on an early Kaypro II
         the modifications detailed in Kaypro's Field Service 
         Bulletin #4 must be performed before proceeding.  Your
         Kaypro Dealer should be consulted for this no cost 
         update.  If this modification has been installed you
         will observe several wires soldered directly to the IC
         location U87.  The modifications involved in Field 
         Service Bulletin #4 are contained in Appendix C of this
         manual.  Performing this modification requires soldering 
         wires to the IC at location U87.

                               2-5 


      3.  Locating the Moniter EPROM

          The moniter EPROM  for '83 machines is a 24 pin chip at 
          location U47 on the main Kaypro circuit board.  In most 
          cases the EPROM is labeled either 81-149 or 81-232.

          The moniter EPROM for '84 machines is a 24 pin chip at
          location U34 on the main Kaypro circuit board.  In 
          most cases the EPROM is labeled 81-292.  If the EPROM
          has 28 pins and is labeled 81-478, this is the 
          Universal ROM.


      4.  Removal of the Moniter EPROM

          Remove the moniter EPROM from its socket using a small
          flatblade screwdriver.  Pry very gently with the 
          screwdriver.  Pry on each end of the EPROM so as to
          insure that neither the socket nor the EPROM is 
          damaged.


      5.  Installation of the TurboROM

          If you are installing the TurboROM in an early Kaypro 
          II and are using the Advent Products TurboROM Adapter
          Kit, please refer to the instructions included with
          that product.

          Plug the TurboROM into the empty moniter EPROM socket.
          Take care to insure that all of the TurboROM leads
          enter the socket correctly and that pin 1 on the
          TurboROM is aligned with pin 1 on the socket.


     6.  Check Out

         Connect the Kaypro to the proper power source

         Turn ON the Kaypro power switch

         The "POWER" LED will light.  The TurboROM will erase the
         screen, then post a sign-on message within a few 
         seconds. If this is not the case, turn OFF the computer, 
         disconnect the power cord and carefully review the 
         entire installation procedure.

                               2-6



         Place the Working Copy diskette in drive A, push the 
         RESET button, and boot the computer.  Verify that the 
         keyboard works.  If the computer does not work properly
         remove the diskette(s), turn the computer OFF, 
         disconnect the power cord, and double check the 
         installation.

         When the installation is successful, turn the Kaypro 
         OFF.  Unplug the Kaypro from the power source.  Re-install the 
         cover.


2.5  Optimizing the System Size

The working Copy diskette has a very small (56K) CP/M system on 
it.  This small system is used, ONLY, to check out the TurboROM 
installation.  Many application programs (data bases, spread 
sheets, word processors...) require a larger system to run 
correctly.  After the TurboROM has been installed and tested, the 
system size should be increased (optimized), as follows:

1.  Place the Working Copy diskette in drive A, push the RESET 
    button and boot the computer.  The Working Copy diskette has 
    a small (56K) TurboROM system.

2.  The PEEK.COM utility should be run to determine maximum CP/M 
    system size that the TurboROM can support in your computer:

         A>PEEK<cr>

    The PEEK utility will display a screen of data.  The last 
    line displayed by PEEK is the maximum system size that can be 
    supported with the current number and type of disk drives:

    Max System Size:  63.00 K (1024 byte format)

    Notes: 
          Any change to the number or type of disk drives attached
          to the Kaypro will affect the maximum TurboROM system 
          size that can be used.  When changing disk drives, 
          always start with the 56.00K system and use PEEK to re-          
          optimize the system.

          Datestamper Users:  Real time clocks, supported by Plu*
          Perfect Systems' Datestamper, that use the OKI clock 
          chip require a system size that is 0.25K less than is 
          indicated by the PEEK utility.  Example: 63.00K - 0.25K 
          = 62.75K

                               2-7



3.  Use the MOVTURBO utility to generate a new CP/M system of the 
    size specified by PEEK.  In this example MOVTURBO will
    generate a 63K system and produce the file TURB6300.
    SYS on the floppy disk:

         A>MOVTURBO 63.00<cr>


4.  Place the Backup Copy diskette in drive B.  Use TURBOGEN to
    write the new 63K system, in the file TURB6300.SYS, on the
    Backup Copy diskette:

+------------------------------------------------------+
|  A> TURBOGEN TURB6300.SYS<cr>                    |
|  TURBOGEN -- VER 3.2                                 |
|  DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT) B  |
|  DESTINATION ON B, THEN TYPE RETURN<cr>          |
|  FUNCTION COMPLETE                                   |
|  DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)<cr>|
+------------------------------------------------------+

         Fig. 2-4: Writing the Optimized System to Disk                  


5.  Place the Backup Copy diskette in drive A.  Press RESET and
    verify that the computer works with the optimized system.  If
    everything checks out OK, use the TURBOGEN utility to copy 
    the optimized system to the diskettes that you will be using 
    in drive A.


2.6.  Floppy Disk System Notes

This section provides a series of very important reminders on the 
use of floppy disks with the TurboROM.

     1.  ALWAYS warm boot the computer (by entering a <^c> when 
         you are at the CP/M prompt) after inserting a new disk 
         when you plan to write to the disk, or if you are 
         inserting a disk of a different format.  Failure to 
         perform the warm boot may result in the loss of data on
         both the disk just removed and the dectruction of data 
         on the diskette just inserted.  The reasons for 
         performing the warm boot are partly historic and partly 
         TurboROM:

                               2-8 


         The warm boot is required by CP/M so that it can 
         correctly write on a new diskette.  Failure to perform 
         the warm boot before changing diskettes is the usual 
         cause of the error message:

         BDOS ERROR ON B: R/O

         The TurboROM automatically determines and uses several 
         different floppy disk formats (see 5.3 for details).  
         The TurboROM determines diskette format immediately 
         after a warm or cold boot.

     2.  The TurboROM automatically de-selects the floppy disk 
         drives after several seconds of non-use.  Because floppy  
         disks can be removed, the TurboROM may write to the 
         disks just before it deselects the floppy drives:  this
         is done in an attempt to minimize the possibility of
         losing data.  Always wait until the lights on the floppy 
         drives have gone out before removing a diskette.

     3.  Use the TURBOGEN to copy the optimized (usually 63K) 
         system onto all of the diskettes that you are going to 
         use in drive A.

     4.  Do not put the optimized (usually 63K) system on the
         Working Copy; the small (56K) system should be left on 
         this diskette in the event that you add or change the 
         number or type of drives connected to the Kaypro.  A 56K 
         system is small enough to boot with any imaginable 
         combination of floppy, hard and RAM disks.  

     5.  Please read Chapter 4, TurboROM Utilities, and acquaint 
         yourself with the new programs you will use to format 
         floppies, configure the system, and make bootable 
         diskettes.

                               2-9


                           Chapter 3.
                TurboROM INSTALLATION, Kaypro 10


3.1.  General Points

The installation of the TurboROM involves both hardware and 
software.  The order of installation is:

     1.  Make backup copies of the TurboROM Support Software
         diskette:  one that boots with the TurboROM, one that 
         boots with the original Kaypro 81-302 ROM.
     2.  Install the TurboROM
     3.  Place the TurboROM Operating system on the hard disk.
     4.  Optimize the system size.


3.2.  TurboROM Diskette Backup, Kaypro 10s

The backup procedure for the Kaypro 10s is a bit different than 
the other Kaypro models.  The following procedure details the 
required steps:

     1.  Two self-adhesive labels are included with the Turbo
         ROM.  Attach each label to a blank diskette.  The names
         on the labels will be used to identify the disketts.  
         Format each of the blank diskettes using one of the 
         following utilities:

         FLPYFMT.COM  (Most Kaypro 10 users)
         FASTCOPY.COM (P*PS CP/M Enhancements users)

     2.  Place the Master K10 TurboROM Support Software diskette 
         in the floppy disk drive and copy all of its files to an 
         unused USER area on the hard disk (USER 14 in the 
         following example):

                               3-1


+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A>USER 14<cr>                                            |
|  A14>PIP A:=C:*.*[GO]<cr>                                 |
|  A14>USER 0<cr>                                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

3.  Remove the K10 TurboROM Support Software diskette from the
    floppy disk drive.  Place the diskette labeled Working Copy 
    in the floppy disk drive.  Warm boot the computer and copy 
    the files from the hard disk to the Working Copy diskette:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A><^C>                                                   |
|  Warm Boot                                                    |
|  A>PIP C:=A:*.*[G14]<cr>                                  |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

4.  Remove the Working Copy diskette.  Place the diskette labeled 
    Backup Copy in the floppy disk drive and copy the same files 
    from the hard disk (in this case USER 14) to the floppy 
    diskette: 

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A><^C>                                                   |
|  Warm Boot                                                    |
|  A>PIP C:=A:*.*[G14]<CR>                                 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

5.  Copy the PUTOVL.COM and PUTSYS.COM programs to the Backup
    Copy diskette.  These files usually reside on drive A, USER 0
    (the hard disk).

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A>PIP C:=A:PUTOVL.COM<cr>                                |
|  A>PIP C:=A:PUTSYS.COM<cr>                                |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

                               3-2                   



6.  Write the current Kaypro 10 operqating system to the Backup 
    Copy diskette using the Kaypro GENFLPY program, usually found
    on drive A, USER 0:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A><^C>                                                   |
|  Warm Boot                                                    |
|  A>GENFLPY<cr>                                            |
|  Kaypro 10 Floppy Generation Utility                          |
|  Version 3.01H                                                |
|  Insert a formatted diskette into drive C                     |
|  Press ESC to return to CP/M                                  |
|  Or press RETURN to copy the system  <cr>                 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

                   Fig. 3-1:Kaypro 10 Turbogen            


7.  Leave the Backup Copy diskette in the disk drive.

    Press the RESET button and verify the Kaypro 10 will boot the 
    stock operating system from the Backup Copy diskette.

    Remove the Backup Copy diskette from the disk drive and 
    store it in a safe place.  This diskette can be used to boot 
    the Kaypro 10 from the floppy disk drive if the original 
    Kaypro monitor ROM (81-302) is re-installed.  Chapter 6 has
    information on using the Backup Copy diskette to restore the 
    Kaypro 10 to stock operation.


3.3. TurboROM System, Kaypro 10

Remove any diskette that may be in the disk drive.  Press the 
RESET button and re-boot from the hard disk drive.

If you are using the Plu*Perfect Systems CP/M Enhancements, 
verify that the file CPME.PRL is on drive A, USER 0:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A>DIR CPME.PRL<cr>                                       |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

                               3-3



If you are using the Kaypro version of CP/M, verify that the file 
MOVCPM.COM is on drive A, USER 0:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A>DIR MOVCPM.COM<cr>                                     |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

MOVCPM.CPM is on one of the Autoload diskettes that came with the 
Kaypro 10.  If it is not on the hard disk drive A, USER 0, you 
will have to copy it from the Autoload diskette.

Place the TurboROM Working Copy diskette in drive C.  Log onto 
drive C and build the TurboROM operating system:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A>C:<cr>                                                 |
|  C>MAKTURBO<cr>                                           |
|  MAKTURBO vl.0 -- (c)  1985, Plu*Perfect Systems              |
|  Warm Boot                                                    |
|  C>MOVTURBO 56.00<cr                                      |
|  MOVTURBO vl.2 -- (c)  1985, Plu*Perfect Systems              |
|  Relocation can take up to a minute to run.                   |
|  Warm Boot                                                    |
|  C>TURBOGEN TURB5600.sys<cr>                              |    
|  TURBOGEN -- VER 3.2                                          |
|  DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)C            |
|  DESTINATION ON C, THEN TYPE RETURN<cr>                   |
|  FUNCTION COMPLETE                                            |
|  DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)<cr>         |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

         Fig. 3-2: Making the TurboROM System, Kaypro 10                     


This procedure has placed a copy of the TurboROM operating 
system on the TurboROM Working Copy diskette.  This diskette will 
be used to boot the computer after installing the TurboROM.

                               3-4


3.4.  Installing the TurboROM, Kaypro 10

At this point in the procedure the TurboROM Working Copy diskette 
has been prepared and will be used to boot the computer after the 
TurboROM has been installed.  To verify that the TurboROM 
operating systemn is on the Working Copy, place the Working Copy 
in the floppy drive and RESET the computer.  The screen should 
clear, the keyboard should beep, and the message "REQUIRES 
TURBOROM" should appear. 

The K10 TurboROM is an 8K (2764) EPROM.  The K10 TurboROM can be 
plugged directly into all of the Kaypro 10 computers except for 
the early versions.  The TurboROM must be adapted to fit these 
early Kaypro 10s.

Early Kaypro 10s can be distinguished by the location of the 50 
conductor ribbon cable (approximately 2 1/2" wide) leading to the 
hard disk controller.  If the ribbon cable attaches near the 
middle of the main circuit board, this is an early Kaypro 10 
(10'83).  If the ribbon cable attaches to the edge of the main 
circuit board, then this is a late model Kaypro 10 (10'84).

If you have an early Kaypro 10 (10'83) and have not purchased the 
TurboROM Adapter Kit, please refer to Appendix D for notes on how 
to make the TurboROM fit.


1.  Kaypro Cover Removal

    Turn the Kaypro OFF.

    Unplug the Kaypro from the power source.

    Using a medium sized Phillips screwdriver, remove the four 
    screws on each side and the two screws on the top of the 
    cover.  Remove the cover and set it aside.


2.  Locating the Monitor EPROM

    The monitor EPROM for most late model Kaypro 10s is a 24 pin
    chip at location U34 on the main Kaypro circuit board.  In
    most cases the EPROM is labeled 81-302.  If the EPROM has 28
    pins and is labeled 81-478 this is the Universal ROM.

                               3-5


The monitor EPROM for Kaypro 10'83 machines is a 24 pin IC 
(integrated circuit) located in front of the 50 conductor, hard 
disk controller ribbon cable.  The EPROM is generally labeled 81-
302 and its location is marked U42 on the main circuit board.

If the EPROM at location U42 is labeled 81-188 then your Kaypro 
10 has not been updated to the current revision.  Please refer to 
Appendix H for additional information about updating your Kaypro 
10.


3.  Removal of the Monitor EPROM

    Remove the monitor EPROM from its socket using a small flat-
    bladed screwdriver.  Pry very gently with the screwdriver.  
    Pry on each end of the EPROM so as to insure that neither the 
    socket nor the EPROM is damaged.


4.  Installation of the TurboROM

    If you are installing the TurboROM in a Kaypro 10'83 and are 
    using the Advent Products TurboROM Adapter Kit, please refer
    to the instructions included with that product.  
    Additionally, refer to Appendix D in this manual for 
    installation details for the 10'83.

    Plug the TurboROM into the empty monitor EPROM socket.  Take
    care to insure that the TurboROM leads enter the socket
    correctly and that pin 1 on the TurboROM is aligned with pin
    1 on the socket.


5.  Check Out

    Connect the Kaypro to the proper power source.

    Turn ON the Kaypro power switch.

    The "POWER" LED will light.  The TurboROM will erase the 
    screen, then post a sign-on message within a few seconds.
    If this is not the case, turn OFF the computer, disconnect 
    the power cord and carefully review the entire installation
    procedure.

                               3-6


    Place the Working Copy diskette in the floppy drive, push 
    the RESET button and boot the computer.  Verify that the 
    keyboard works.  If the computer does not work properly,
    remove the diskette, turn the computer OFF, disconnect the
    power cord, and double check the installation.

    After the installatin is successful, turn the Kaypro OFF.
    Unplug the Kaypro from the power source, and re-install the
    cover.


3.5.  Writing CP/M to the Hard Disk

A copy of the TurboROM operating system must be written to the 
Kaypro 10 hard disk drive before the Kaypro 10 can boot from the 
hard disk.  If the Kaypro 10 was using the Universal ROM, the 
hard disk must be re-formatted with either the K10FMT or ADVFMT 
program before proceeding (see Chapter 6).

The following is a procedure for writing a copy of the TurboROM 
operating system to the hard disk drive.

1.  Place the Working Copoy diskette in the floppy drive, push the
    RESET button and boot the computer.

2.  Use TURBOGEN to copy the operating system from the floppy to
    the hard disk drive.

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A>TURBOGEN TURB5600.SYS<cr>                              |
|  TURBOGEN -- VER 3.2                                          |
|  DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)B            |
|  DESTINATION ON B, THEN TYPE RETURN<cr>                   |
|  FUNCTION COMPLETE                                            |
|  DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)<CR>         |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

      Fig. 3-3: Writing CP/M to the Hard Disk System Tracks  


3.  Remove the diskette from the floppy drive, press RESET and 
    verify that the computer boots from the hard disk drive.

                               3-7



3.6.  Optimizing the System Size

The previous step placed a 56K CP/M system on the Hard disk 
drive.  This is a very small system used only to check out the 
TurboROM installation.  Any change to the number or type of disk 
drives attached to the Kaypro, or re-formatting the hard disk to 
one of the Advent formats will affect the maximum TurboROM system 
size that can be used.

After the 56 K TurboROM system has been installed and is 
working, the system size can be optimized.  The following is a 
brief outline of the optimization steps:

1.  Place the Working Copy diskette into the disk drive.  Press 
    RESET and boot the system from the floppy.  This should be
    a small (56 K) system.

2.  The PEEK.COM utility should be used to determine the maximum 
    CP/M system size that can be supported by the TurboROM:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A>PEEK<cr>                                               |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

Note the last two lines of information provided by the PEEK 
utility:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  Max System Size: 63.25 K (512 byte format)                   |
|  Max System Size: 62.75 K (1024 byte format)                  |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

These lines indicate the maximum system size possible for the 
existing hardware.  The largest size, 63.25 K, is a special case 
for the Kaypro 10 TurboROM that allows for a very large system 
size, but can not support the Advent 1024 byte floppy disk 
formats and is available only with the stock Kaypro 10 hard disk 
format.   

The second size, 62.75 K, is the maximum system size that can be 
supported without imposing restrictions on the floppy disk 
formats.

                               3-8



The real time clocks supported by Plu*Perfect Systems' 
Datestamper that use the OKI clock chip, require 0.25 K more 
space than is calculated by PEEK.  More space for these clocks is 
generated by using a smaller "K" number, such as 62.50 K instead 
of 62.75 K.

3.  Use the MOVTURBO utility to generate a new CP/M system of the
    size specified by PEEK.  In this example we will generate a
    62.75 K system:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A>MOVTURBO 62.75<cr>                                     |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

This will produce the file TURB6275.SYS on the floppy disk.

4.  Use TURBOGEN to write the new 62.75 K system on the hard 
    disk.  The following figure details the use of TURBOGEN.

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  A>TURBOGEN TURB6275.SYS<cr>                              |
|  TURBOGEN -- VER 3.2                                          |
|  DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)B            |
|  DESTINATION ON B, THEN TYPE RETURN<cr>                   |
|  FUNCTION COMPLETE                                            |
|  DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT)<CR>         |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

      Fig. 3-4: Writing the Optimized CP/M to the Hard Disk



3.7.  Kaypro 10 Hard Disk Notes

1.  ALWAYS warm boot the computer (by entering a <^c> when you are 
    at the CP/M prompt) after inserting a new disk when you plan 
    to write to the disk, or if you are inserting a disk of a 
    different format.  Failure to perform the warm boot may 
    result in the loss of data on both the disk just removed and
    the destruction of data on the diskette just inseerted.  The
    reasons for performing the warm boot are partly historic and
    partly TurboROM:

                               3-9    



    The warm boot is required by CP/M so that it can correctly 
    write on a new diskette.  Failure to perform the warm boot
    before changing diskettes is the usual cause of the error 
    message:

    BDOS ERROR ON C: R/O

    The TurboROM can automatically determine and use several
    different floppy disk formats (see 5.3 for details).  The
    TurboROM determines diskette format immediately after a warm 
    or cold boot.

2.  The TurboROM automatically de-selects the disk drives after 
    several seconds of non-use.  Because floppy disks can be 
    removed, the TurboROM may write to the disks just before it 
    deselects the floppy drives.  This is done in an attempt to 
    minimize the possibility of losing data.  Always wait until 
    the lights on the floppy drives have gone out before removing
    a diskette.

3.  The TurboROM automatically de-selects the hard disk drives 
    and moves the heads to the innermost cylinder,.  The use of 
    the Kaypro 10 SAFETY program is neither needed nor 
    recommended .  Always wait until the drive acitvity light 
    has gone out before turning OFF the computer.

4.  The Kaypro utility, PUTOVL.COM, must NOT be used if the 
    Kaypro 10 hard disk has been reformatted with one of the 
    Advent formats by the K10FMT or ADVFMT programs.  The use
    of Kaypro's PUTOVL.COM will result in the corruption of the
    data on the hard disk and may require the complete 
    reformatting of the hard disk drive.

5.  Do not put the optimized (62.75 K) system on the Working Copy
    diskette; the small (56 K) system should be left on this 
    diskette in the event that you add or change the number or 
    type of drives connected to the Kaypro.  A 56 K system is 
    small enough to boot with any imaginable combination of 
    floppy, hard and RAM disks.

6.  The pre Universal ROM Kaypro 10 hard disk format is 
    recognized and does not need to be re-formatted.

    The hard disk format used on the Universal ROM Kaypro 10 is
    NOT supported by the TurboROM.  The Universal ROM hard disk
    MUST be reformatted.  See Chapter 6 for details on the use
    of K10FMT.

                              3-10


7.  The TurboROM also supports two Advent hard disk formats which
    provide the following features, as indicated in Chapter 6:

    .  Automatic bad track mapping.

    .  Increased hard disk capacity (up to 11 Megabytes total) on 
       the original Kaypro 10 hard disk drive.

    .  Flexible partitioning of the hard disk.  The hard disk 
       capacity can be divided into as many as 7 CP/M logical 
       drives.

    .  User selectable block size.

    .  User selectable number of directory entries.  

    .  Disk writing is faster by a factor of 2.


8.  The K10FMT program can be used to format the Kaypro 10 hard
    disk drive with one of the Advent formats.  The following 
    table summarizes the capacity that may be realized by re-
    formatting.  The actual capacity depends on the specific disk 
    drive (please refer to Chapter 6):

        +--------------------+----------+
        |                    |  Total   |
        |  Hard Disk Format  |    K     |
        +--------------------+----------+
        |  Advent 1024       | 11,008   |
        |  Advent 512        | 10,390   |
        +--------------------+----------+
        |  Kaypro 10         |  9,008   |
        +--------------------+----------+

        Table 3-1: Kaypro 10 Hard Disk Capacity


9.  The TurboROM can support two physical hard disk drives on the
    Kaypro 10.  However, both hard disks must be formatted to an 
    Advent Format using the ADVFMT hard disk formatter.  The 
    K10FMT program is not capable of formatting the second hard 
    disk drive.  When adding a second hard disk or replacing the 
    original disk with a larger capacity drive, the ADVFMT
    program must be used to format the hard disk drive(s).  This
    program is available from Advent Products.

                              3-11


10.  If you are installing two hard disk drives on a Kaypro, the 
     drive that takes the longest time to become ready, must be 
     installed as the first drive in order to insure that the 
     TurboROM will correctly detect the presence of both hard 
     disk drives.

     When power is first turned on, the TurboROM will test for 
     the presence of a hard disk controller board.  If the hard 
     disk controller is detected, then the TurboROM will then 
     wait up to 25 seconds for the first hard disk drive to 
     become "ready".  After the first hard disk drive has become
     ready the TurboROM will wait 5 seconds to determine the 
     presence of a second hard disk drive.
  
11.  Please read Chapter 4, TurboROM Utilities, and acquaint
     yourself with the new programs you will use to format 
     floppies, configure the system, and make bootable diskettes.

                              3-12 


                            Chapter 4
                       TurboROM UTILITIES


The TurboROM is shipped with a complete set of utility programs 
to maintain the system and make it easy for users to tailor their 
system to their needs.  This section describes the function and 
the usage of the TurboROM utilities provided on the TurboROM 
Software Support diskette.  When there is a Kaypro utility 
program that corresponds to a TurboROM utility program, you must 
replace the Kaypro utility with the TurboROM utility.  This will 
avoid corrupting the TurboROM operating system with an 
incompatible utility.

4.1.  MAKTURBO.COM

Utility to build a relocatable version TurboROM operating system 
image.  This utility produces the file TURBOSYS.PRL.

MAKTURBO requires the following files to be on the currently 
logged drive and user:
 
      TURBO-BS.REL  Relocatable version of the Turbo BIOS

      ZCPR1.REL     Replacement for CCP portion of CP/M; used 
                    only if Plu*Perfect Systems 2.2E is not
                    being used (the file CPME.PRL is not 
                    present on drive A, user 0).

One of the following files must be on drive A, in the current 
user area:

       CPME.PRL     Relocatable version of Plu*Perfect Systems
                    CP/M enhancements.

       MOVCPM.COM   CP/M system relocator from Digital Research

Additionally, the disk (floppy or hard) must contain a valid copy 
of the CP/M operating system as supplied by Kaypro.

Usage of MAKTURBO:

       A>MAKTURBO<cr>

                               4-1 



4.2. MOVTURBO.COM

This utility is a replacement for the MOVCPM.COM program.  
MOVTURBO is used to produce operating systems of fixed sizes for 
use with TURBOGEN.  MOVTURBO uses a file named TURBOSYS.PRL 
(produced by MAKTURBO.COM) or the file named TURB-DS.PRL 
(produced by the Date*Stamper utility INSTALDS.COM) to build the 
file TURBxxyy.SYS where "xxyy" is the system size (e.g. 
TURB6250.SYS is a 62.5 K TurboROM system).  The usage of MOVTURBO 
is as follows:

       A>MOVTURBO xx[.yy]<cr>

Where "xx" are decimal digits specifying the system size in 
kilobytes (K) and the optional ".yy" is .00, .25, .50, or .75.  The 
TurboROM installation chapters 2 and 3 have several examples of 
the usage of MOVTURBO.


4.3.  PEEK.COM

This utility is used to inspect a running TurboROM system.  Peek 
provides the information necessary to determine the maximum 
system size available for a given hardware configuration.  PEEK 
is invoked by:

       A>PEEK<cr>

The following figure is typical of the information provided by 
the PEEK utility:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  Advent Turbo ROM Peek Utility  10/6/85                       |
|  BIOS Base: F200 H                                            |
|  BDOS Base:  E406 H                                           |
|  CP/M Size:  62.00 K                                          |
|  TPA Size:  56.75 K                                           |
|  CP/M 2.2E:  Not installed                                    |
|  Turbo ROM:  Installed                                        |
|  Turbo BIOS:  Installed                                       |
|  Bios Interrupts:  Enabled                                    |
|  Machine:  84 (Kaypro 10)                                     |
|  Version:  3.0                                                |
|  Host Buffer:  1024 Bytes                                     |
|  BIOS Length:  0242 H                                         |
|  Top of BIOS:  F442 H                                         |
|  First Scratch:  F7AE H                                       |
|  Max System Size:  63.25 K (512 byte format)                  |
|  Max System Size:  62.75 K (1024 byte format)                 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

                     Fig. 4-1: PEEK Display 

                               4-2      

The memory layout figure below is a graphical representation of 
the  information returned by the PEEK utility.

       +-------------+ <-- OFFFFH Top of Memory
       |   Scratch   |
       +-------------+ <-- OF7AEH First Scratch
       | Free Memory |
       +-------------+ <-- OF442H Top BIOS
       |    BIOS     |
       +-------------+ <-- OF2OOH BIOS Base
       |    BDOS     |
       +-------------+ <-- OE4O6H BDOS Base
       |             |
       |     TPA     |
       |             |
       +-------------+ <-- OO1OOH Start of TPA
       |   System    |
       | Parameters  |
       +-------------+ <-- OOOOOH Bottom of Memory

            Fig. 4-2: TurboROM Memory Layout (Usage)

       Note:
       The addresses shown are typical.  The PEEK utility should 
       be used to determine the exact addresses for your TurboROM
       system.

The following is a description of each of the distinct memory 
regions shown in the preceding TurboROM memory layout figure.

1.  Scratch

This memory is used by the TurboROM, BIOS and BDOS.  The scratch 
area always starts at the absolute top of memory (OFFFFH) and 
extends downwards.  The size of the scratch area is variable and 
depends on the number and type of floppy drives, hard disk 
drives, and RAM disk drives attached to the computer.


2.  Free Memory

This memory is unused.  This memory space is determined by the 
size of scratch area and the top of the BIOS.  The free memory 
area can be used to load specialized software such as drivers for 
network interfaces.  The maximum system size reported by the PEEK 
utility is based on minimizing the free memory area.

                               4-3 



3.  BIOS

The BIOS (Basic I/O System) is the software that provides the 
interface between the C/P BDOS and the hardware of the computer.  
The MOVTURBO utility is used to relocate the BIOS (and the BDOS).


4.  BDOS

The BDOS (Basic Disk Operating System) is the core of the CP/M 
operating system.  This software manages the system resources 
(disk drives, printers, etc.) and provides the interface between 
application programs and the BIOS.  The MOVTURBO utility is used 
to relocate the BDOS (and the BIOS).


5.  TPA

The TPA (Transient Program Area) is the memory area that is 
available to application programs.  The TPA starts at address 
O1OOH and extends to the base of the BDOS.  The use of the 
maximum CP/M system size (determined by the PEEK utility) is 
recommended to insure that the maximum TPA is available for use 
by your application programs.


6. System Parameters

The system parameter area is required by the CP/M operating 
system and always occupies addresses OOOOH through OOFFH.  This 
area is used as a standardized means for application programs to 
interface with the BDOS and the BIOS withour requiring the 
application program to know exactly where in memory the BDOS and 
the BIOS reside.


4.4.  TURBOCFG.COM

The TURBOCFG utility is supplied with the Advent TurboROM to 
enable many of the features of the ROM to be customized to suit 
your individual needs.  The program will only work with the 
TURBO BIOS.

If you were previously running Plu*Perfect Systems CP/M 
Enhancements then this completely replaces CPMCONFG.  If you were 
using a standard Kaypro system then TURBOCFG replaces the CONFIG 
program.  You should use ONLY TURBOCFG to configure your system.

                               4-4


TURBOCFG is fully menu driven and requires very little actual 
instruction in how to use it.  However, some of the TURBOCFG 
options may be unfamiliar so we will explain the features here.

4.4.1. Main Menu

to run TURBOCFG enter:

       A>TURBOCFG<cr>

The following figure is typical of TURBOCFG's main menu display:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|  Select from the following:                                   |
|  0 - Exit to CP/M                                             |
|  1 - Read System Image from System Tracks                     |
|  2 - Write System Image to System Tracks                      |
|  3 - Read System Image from a File                            |
|  4 - Write System Image to a File                             |
|  5 - Configure the System Image                               |
|  6 - Cold Boot (Reload the System from Drive A:)              |
|  Your Selection ==>                                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

              Fig. 4-3: TURBOCFG Main Menu Display

The following is a brief description of each of the TURBOCFG main 
menu options:

0 - Exit to CP/M

Exits to CP/M.  This option does not force a cold boot.  Any 
configuration changes will not become active unless they are 
written to disk and a cold boot on that disk is performed.  Use 
this option if you do not want to use any changes you may have 
made in the configuration. 


1 - Read System Image from System Tracks

Reads a copy of the operating system from the system tracks of a 
disk into memory so that it may be configured, or written to a 
disk or a file.  This option is usually the first step in 
configuring your system.

                               4-5


2 - Write System Image to System Tracks

Writes a copy of the operating system from memory to the system 
tracks of a disk.  Use this option to write the configuration to 
the system tracks of a disk.  The drive name will be requested.  
This option performs the same function as TURBOGEN.COM.


3 - Read System Image from a File

Reads a copy of the operating stystem from a CP/M file that was 
created by MOVTURBO (or TURBOCFG option 4) into memory.  Use this 
option to check or set the configuration of a TURBxxyy.SYS file.


4 - Write System Image to a File

Writes a copy of the operating system from memory to a file.  Use 
this option to record your configuration in a disk file that can 
be used with TURBOGEN.


5 - Configure the System Image

Takes you to the Configuration Menu.  This menu allows the 
inspection and modification of the operating system.  Use this 
option to begin configuring the system, after reading the system 
from a disk using option 1 from this menu.


6 - Cold Boot

Exits from TURBOCFG and forces a cold boot.  This option would be 
used if you had just reconfigured the system on drive A and 
wished to have the new configuration active immediately.


4.4.2. Configuration Menu

The configuration Menu is reached by selecting option 5 from the 
main menu.  The configuration menu has nine topics for 
configuration.  We will go through each of them and give a brief 
explanation of what features are involved.

                               4-6


0 - Return to main menu

Exits the Configuration Menu level and returns you to the 
TURBOCFG main menu level.  Use this option when you are finished 
configuring the system.


1 - Serial Port(s) Parameters

The serial data port(s) may (each) have the following parameters 
set.

       1.  Baud Rate -- 50 through 19200 baud.  Some Kaypros are 
           not capable of some of the more obscure baud rates, 
           there is no way to determine this except by 
           experimentation. 

       2.  Number of data bits -- may be set to 7 or 8.

       3.  Number of stop bits -- may be 1 or 2.

       4.  Parity -- ODD, EVEN or NONE.

       5.  Handshaking -- Enable transmitting only when the CTS 
           (Clear to Send) input at the serial port is active 
           (+12 volts).  To use this option you must have an
           appropriately wired serial cable.


2 - Console & Printer Selection

The CP/M IOBYTE allows assignment of different physical devices 
to the logical console (CON:) and list (LST:) devices.  The 
TurboROM fully supports the list device and partially supports 
the console device.

       1.  Console -- Normally the console is the keyboard and
           the built-in video screen.  It is possible to connect
           an external terminal to your Kaypro and use it as the
           console device by connecting the external terminal in 
           serial port and then assigning the Console to TTY: 
           either with TURBOCFG or STAT.  You may run your Kaypro
           from this external terminal.

                               4-7


       2.  Printer -- the list device may be one of four logical 
           devices:

           1.  TTY: the serial data port
           2.  CRT: the video screen built-in the Kaypro
           3.  LPT: the centronics parallel port
           4.  UL1: the serial printer port on Kaypro 10s and'84 
               machines

           The cabeling and serial port parameters must match 
           your printer (or MODEM) if the serial ports are to be 
           used.

       NOTE:
            Kaypro used the name TTY: on Kaypro 10'84 machines to 
            refer to the serial printer port and did not support 
            the serial data port at the operating system level.  
            We feel the usage indicated above is more logical and 
            consistent.

3 - Numeric & Arrow Keys

The 18 arrow and number keys on the Kaypro key pad normally send 
the character engraved on the keycap.  These may be configured to
send any other single character.  This change is performed at 
bootup and is more useful on a floppy based system where 
different systems with different definitions can be easily 
booted.  For more complex key definitions see Appendex F 
concerning WordStar function key patches.  A more general and 
dynamic keyboard re-definition product is the Plu*Perfect 
Systems'Backgrounder which is compatible with the TurboROM.

TURBOCFG allows each of the keys to be given a new value in a 
simple manner.  For printable characters or control characters, 
simply press the function key and then the MAIN keyboard key 
whose value you wish to attach.  To terminate the session press 
Ctrl-G.  For more complex uses where a character with the high 
bit set is desires, the definition process may be switched into 
Hexadecimal mode by pressing Ctrl-H.  It can be toggled back to 
regular mode with another press of Ctrl-H.

                               4-8    


4 - Cursor Type

The default cursor type may be changed to suit your taste.  When 
your choice is made it will immediately be reflected in the 
cursor that is displayed.  This is different from ALL other 
changes made in TURBOCFG which only become effective after the 
next cold boot.  This exception was made for convenience in 
choosing a visually acceptable cursor.  For the cursor to appear 
as chosen after bootup, the configured system must be written to 
the system tracks of the boot disk using option 2 at the top 
level menu.


5 - Keyboard Type-Ahead & Key Click Disable

       1.  Type-Ahead -- With a standard Kaypro ROM the keyboard 
           will drop characters if you keep typing during disk,
           video, and printer activity.  The TurboROM samples the 
           keyboard repeatedly during disk activity and video 
           activity to reduce the possibility of dropping a typed
           character.  This method is NOT interrupt-driven to 
           avoid interactions with the programs that do not 
           handle interrupts correctly.

           The type-ahead buffer is 32 characters long and in 
           general can not be overflowed.  However, some programs 
           will abort if any key is pressed while they are 
           running.  The built-in directory program, DIR, is a
           good example.

           The main benefits of the type-ahead feature are in
           word-processing programs and when you wish to start
           typing the next CP/M command during the Warm Boot 
           process.

           The type-ahead buffer is enabled by default.  Some
           programs (certain versions of Smartkey, for example)
           will by-pass the operating system and go directly to 
           the keyboard hardware.  If you are using programs that 
           violate CP/M conventions such as this you should 
           disable the type-ahead buffer for compatibility with
           these programs.


       2.  Key Clicks -- Kaypro has shipped several different 
           models of keyboard with its CP/M computers.  This
           option will disable the key click on most of the 
           Keyboards.

                               4-9


6 - Screen Dump Enable (& 84 Clock Display)

       1.  Screen Dump -- The TurboROM has an entry point which 
           will return the characters on the screen.  The TURBO
           BIOS can be configured to use this and send the 
           contents of the screen to the currently assigned list
           device.

           To initiate a screen dump, a trigger character must be 
           selected.  The trigger character should be a character
           that none of your programs ever use because once it is 
           dedicated to this task it becomes unavailable for 
           other uses.

           The only character that may not be used is the <NUL> 
           or "Ctrl @", this character is chosen to disable the
           screen dump.  The chosen trigger character MUST be
           entered in Hexadecimal.

           You can use a character that is defined on the 
           function arrow keys, because the screen dump is
           trapped upstream of the function key decoding.  For
           example, you could select the <LINE FEED> key as your
           screen dump trigger and still have the line feed
           available on the <DOWN ARROW>.

           If you wish to dedicate one of the arrow/number keys as
           a screen dump character you must enter the raw 
           hexadecimal value for these keys (80H - 91H) as 
           indicated in the table below.

           +----------+-----+  +----------+-----+
           | FUNCTION |     |  | FUNCTION |     |
           |   KEY    | HEX |  |   KEY    | HEX |
           +----------+-----+  +----------+-----+
           | UP ARROW | 80  |  |    5     | 89  |
           | DN ARROW | 81  |  |    6     | 8A  |
           |    <-    | 82  |  |    7     | 8B  |
           |    ->    | 83  |  |    8     | 8C  |
           |    0     | 84  |  |    9     | 8D  |
           |    1     | 85  |  |    -     | 8E  |
           |    2     | 86  |  |    '     | 8F  |
           |    3     | 87  |  |  ENTER   | 90  |
           |    4     | 88  |  |    .     | 91  |
           +----------+-----+  +----------+-----+

           Table 4-1: Raw Function Key Codes

                              4-10 


       2.  Machine Clock Display -- With the '84 and Kaypro 10
           TurboROMs, the current hour and minute may be 
           displayed on the 25th line.  The ROM supports the 
           built in Kaypro clock, the Advent Products Clock and
           others.  The clock must be present or the TurboROM
           may display random characters on the 25th line.

           The clock will not be displayed if the 25th line is 
           being used for something else.  The clock display can 
           be temporarily disabled by using a video escape 
           sequence.  Please refer to Appendix G.


7 - Disk De-Select Timing Method

The TurboROM de-selects tje floppy and hard disk drives after 
they have not been accessed for some period of time.  The 
TurboROM insures that any data waiting to be written to the disks 
is written before the drives are de-selected.  Floppy disk drives 
will be de-selected and their motors turned off.  The read/write 
heads on any hard disk drives will be positioned over the 
inside-most cylinder and the hard disk drives will be de-selected.

Two methods of de-select timing are available:

       1.  Most Kaypros count the number of times a program checks
           the keyboard for a keypress.  After counting these 
           checks to some large number, the de-selection process 
           described above takes place.  The disadvantage of this 
           method is that some programs seldom check the keyboard 
           and the disk de-select times are thus unpredictable.

       2.  The alternative method uses an interrupt driven timer
           which sends a dummy character out to the keyboard 30
           times a second and after counting to a preset number
           of characters, deselects the drives.  The advantage of 
           this method is that some programs are very intolerant 
           of running in an interrupt driven system.

           The timing interval is set by specifying a hexadecimal 
           number in the range OOH to OFFH.  The maximum time
           interval (using OFFH) is about 8 seconds.  Minimum
           time to deselect a drive is accomplished using a value
           of O1H.  Specifying OOH will result in never 
           deselecting the drives.

                              4-11


8 - Automatic Cold Boot Command

This option in TURBOCFG allows you to specify the Automatic Cold 
boot command (if any is desired).You may specify a single command 
that will automatically execute when the computer is reset or the 
power turned on.  This command is equivalent to entering it at 
the CP/M prompt "A>".  The use of SUBMIT or other batch 
processers (e.g. EX.COM) allows for extending this automatic cold 
boot command to perform a series of commands.   


9 - Advanced Options

Advanced options are provided for those who want to fine tune 
their system.  These options are intended to be used at your own 
risk.

An option is available to let you specify a drive other than A: 
for the warm boot.  The designated drive MUST have a valid, 
bootable copy of the operating system.

In addition you may fine tune the timing of the floppy disk 
system.  The TurboROM default values will accommodate almost any 
floppy drive available.  However, many drives can perform 
considerably faster than the default values and system 
performance can be improved by a bit of fine tuning.

The head load delay can be eliminated for those drives which do 
not have a head load solenoid.  Some drives will step reliably at 
a much faster rate than the 6 millisecond default.  The step rate 
variable is only used by the TurboROM if the fast seek hardware 
modification is used.  This modification is part of Advent's 
Personality/Decoder Module.  Please refer to Appendix E.


4.5.  TURBOCPY.COM

The TURBOCPY utility supplied with the TurboROM allows the 
formatting and copying in 5 different floppy disk formats on the 
Kaypro.  TURBOCPY makes extensive use of the facilities of the 
TurboROM to determine the number and types of floppy disk drives 
installed.

                              4-12



TURBOCPY is a menu driven program.  The main menu leads to three 
sub-menus:

       1.  Each time that TURBOCPY is run, the format to be used 
           must be selected.

       2.  The source and destination drives must be set up if 
           they differ from the default values.

       3.  The FORMAT, COPY or VERIFY function can then be 
           chosen.  The FORMAT and COPY operations request 
           confirmation before they write on the destination 
           drive.

TURBOCPY is fast and reliable.  If you are interested in 
handling other 5.25 floppy disk formats you may wish to consider 
the Plu*Perfect Systems' MULTI-COPY software.  It also contains a 
program called TURBOSET which allows your TurboROM to read and 
write any soft-sectored CP/M format.  TURBOSET and MULTICOPY are 
considerably faster and more convenient than other packages such 
as UNIFORM and MEDIA MASTER, as it takes up no extra memory and 
uses the built-in features of the TurboROM.


4.6.  TURBOGEN.COM

SYSGEN.COM replacement.  This utility is used to copy operating 
system images.  This utility works with all of the TurboROM 
floppy formats, all of the hard disk formats including the stock 
Kaypro 10 format, and the Advent RAM Disk.

Please refer to section 1.6.6 in the "CP/M Operating System 
Manual" for details on SYSGEN, as TURBOGEN functions 
identically.


4.7.  TURBOMAP.COM

TURBOMAP is a utility provided with the Advent Products TurboROM 
which allows complete flexibility in the logical/physical 
arrangement of disk drives.

                              4-13


4.7.1. Logical Drive Names

CP/M allows a maximum of 16 logical drives which are designated 
with the letters "A" through "P".  In small computer systems each 
of the letters were often associated solely with a physical 
device such as a specific floppy disk drive.  When hard drives 
are used, the single physical hard disk drive is often broken up 
into several logical drives, e.g. the Kaypro 10 splits its 9 
Megabyte hard drive into two logical drives of 4.5 Mb each.  
However, when many possible combinations of logical and physical 
drives exist it becomes necessary to be very careful of the terms 
used in describing and naming the drives.



4.7.2. TurboROM Drive Nomenclature

Because of the large number of possible disk drive combinations 
that can be used with the TurboROM, we have had to decide on an 
unambiguous method of identifying the various drives.  The 
TurboROM system detects the physical presence, number and type of 
drives connected to the computer.  It then assigns a 3 character 
physical name to each floppy drive, RAM Disk, and hard disk 
partition.  CP/M sees each of these units as a logical device and 
assigns each logical drive a single letter name in the range A: 
through P:.  This drive letter name is arbitrary and can be 
changed using TURBOMAP.

      Floppy Disk Drive

      The TurboROM supports a maximum of 4 floppy disk drives.  
      The physical names FD1, FD2, FD3 and FD4 are used to 
      describe them.  FD1 corresponds to the drive which has its 
      select jumper set to DS1, and FD4 coppesponds to the drive 
      which has its select jumper set to DS4.  Some floppy  
      use a different numbering system which starts at 0 and   
      drives counts to 3 to identify the drive select.  In that   
      case, FD1 would correspond to DS0, FD2 corresponds to DS1, 
      etc.


      Advent RAMDISK

      This is simply designated as "RAM", the TurboROM can
      support a single Advent RAM Disk (up to 2 Megabytes).

                              4-14       


      Kaypro 10 Format Hard Disk

      If the original Kaypro 10 hard disk format is preserved,
      only the original single hard disk will be recognized by 
      the TurboROM.  the 2 logical drives contained on it are 
      designated as K10 for the first logical drive and K11 for 
      the second logical drive.  The K indicates Kaypro format,
      the 1 as the second character indicates the first (only) 
      hard disk drive, the third character 0 or 1 indicates the 
      respective partition number of the hard disk drive.


      Advent Format Hard Disk(s)

      Up to 2 physical drives may be present and they may be
      divided into as many as 7 logical partitions.  The naming
      of these drives follows the pattern Hxy where:

             H - specifies Advent format
             x - can be 1 or 2 (physical drive)
             y - can be 0 through 6 (logical partition)

      An example would be H13 for an Advent format, physical 
      drive number 1, partition number 3.

      Note:
             The first physical drive must have its drive select
             logic jumpered as DS2 and is connected to J2 on the
             WD1002 hard disk controller.  The second physical 
             drive must have its drive select logic jumpered as
             DS3 and is connected to J3 on the WD1002 hard disk
             controller.  Please refer to the hard disk 
             manufacturer's documentation for information 
             concerning drive select jumpering, and recommended
             drive termination.


4.7.3. Using TURBOMAP

TURBOMAP can be used in three different ways.

      A>TURBOMAP V<cr>

Displays the current logical/physical drive mapping in use by the 
TurboROM.

                              4-15


      A>TURBOMAP<cr>

Displays the current logical/physical mapping and allows for 
interactively changing the current mapping.  Care must be taken 
not to exit the program without assigning one drive as A.  The A 
drive must have a valid operating system on the system tracks.  
Care should be taken to not double map a logical drive or some of 
the physical devices will become inaccessible until the next cold 
boot.

      A.TURBOMAP  nnn=x[,nnn=x]<cr>

This method will scan the command line and assign physical device 
nnn to logical drive letter x exactly as if the same command had 
been given in the interactive mode.  If any errors are found 
on the command line the program will immediately enter the 
interactive mode, making none of the changes specified on the 
faulty command line.

When changing drive assignments, the logical drives 
alphabetically later in the sequence than the one you are 
assigning, will move toward the end of the alphabet to make 
space in the table,.  The table of assignable drive letter names 
starts at A and ends at P so be very careful when you have a 
drive defined as P (the final CP/M drive) as the drive which was 
originally assigned as P will be left out of the drive mapping 
and become inaccessible until the next cold boot.

As an example, consider a Kaypro 4 with 2 floppies, and an 
external enclosure which contains an Advent RAM Disk and a 20 Mb 
hard disk with 3 partitions.  If the system boots from the hard 
disk, the following drive map will be in use at power up:

      A:   H10 ------|
      B:   H11 ------|-- Advent format hard disk
      C:   H12 ------|
      D:   FD1 -----|-- Two floppies
      E:   FD2 -----|
      F:   RAM ----|-- Advent RAM Disk

Now, suppose the desire is to make the RAM Disk the A disk 
drive.  After using TURBOGEN to write the operating system on the 
RAM Disk, making it possible to warm boot from that device, and 
after using PIP to copy the desired files into the RAM Disk, the 
following command would be typed:

      A>TURBOMAP  RAM=A<cr>

                              4-16



      This command will change the previous drive map to the 
      following drive map:

      A:   RAM ------|-- Advent RAM Disk
      B:   H10 -----|
      C:   H11 -----|-- Advent format hard disk
      D:   H12 -----|
      E:   FD1 ----|-- Two floppies
      F:   FD2 ----|

Further variations in mapping the drives to specified 
configurations are left to the user's experimentation.  Please 
heed the warnings concerning the existence of an A drive, and be 
sure whatever drive is assigned as A has bootable operating 
system.

                              4-17

                            Chapter 5
                         TurboROM NOTES  



This section is intended to supply information about the features 
and functions of the TurboROM and its operating system.


5.1.  ZCPR1

ZCPR1 is a public domain replacement for Digital Reaearch's 
Console Command Processor (CCP).  The CCP is the program that 
presents the A> message, and interprets keyboard commands.  The 
MAKTURBO utility detects if the present operating system is using 
Plu*Perfect Systems' CP/M enhancements.  If the enhancements are 
not being used, MAKTURBO replaces the CCP with a copy of ZCPR1 
while building the TurboROM system.  The reason for this 
replacement is two fold.

1.  ZCPR is a considerable improvement over the original CCP.

2.  Kaypro has shipped a number of different patches in their 
    CCP, some of which contained bugs.

ZCPR stands for Z80 Command Processor Replacement.  It was 
developed by Richard Conn, Frank Wancho, Keith Peterson, Ron 
Fowler and generously contributed to the public domain.  
Subsequently, Richard Conn has developed ZCPR2 and ZCPR3 which 
are bigger more sophisticated versions.

We have selected ZCPR1 because it is clearly in the public domain 
and because it behaves, in general, very much like the original 
CCP with some improvements.

For those of you who wish to incorporate ZCPR2 or ZCPR3 with the 
TurboROM, the BIOS source code, TURBO-BS.ASM is supplied on the 
TurboROM Software Support diskette.  The code can be assembled 
with the CDL ZASM Z80 Macro Assembler.  Turn-key versions of 
ZCPR3 are available from Echelon, Inc., 101 First St., Suite 427, 
Los Altos, CA 94022.

                               5-1



5.1.1. Changes to CCP Commands

ZCPR1 is a replacement for the Digital Research's CCP.  The two 
programs are nearly interchangeable.  Most CP/M user's will have 
very little difficulty with the transition.  The main differences 
(improvements) of ZCPR1 over the standard Digital Research CCP 
commands are documented in the following pages.


TYPE
     The TYPE command now defaults to pausing at each displayed 
     screen.  To type continuously as before place a P after the 
     filename:

         A>TYPE file P<cr>


DIR
     The DIR command will display system files (this was not 
     previously possible with the CP/M's built in DIR command).  
     To display the system files place an S after the file 
     specification:

         A>DIR *.* S<cr>

     To display all files including System files use an A:

         A>DIR *.* A<cr>


ERA

     The ERA command now displays the names of the files it is 
     erasing.


REN

     The REN command queries if the destination file already 
     exists.

                               5-2  



SAVE

     The SAVE command queries if the destination file already 
     exists.  Also, the numeric argument can be in HEX and can 
     specify sectors in place of pages.  The numeric argument can 
     be followed by H to specify hexadecimal:

        A>SAVE 2BH file <cr>

     If S is placed on the command line after the filename, 128 
     byte sectors rather than 256 byte pages will be saved:

        A>SAVE 128 file S<cr>


5.1.2. New CCP Commands

ZCPR1 adds some additional commands not found in Digital 
Research's CCP.  The following subsections document the new 
commands.        


LIST     

     The LIST command sends a file to the printer:

        A>LIST file<cr>


GO  

     The GO command will re-execute the program currently in 
     memory at addresses 0100H (the standard start address of
     Transient Program Area).  It is assumed that the program 
     currently in memory at 0100H is re-executable.

        A>GO<cr>


GET

     The GET command loads a file into memory at an address
     specified in hexadecimal digits (xxxx):

        A>GET file xxxx<cr>

                               5-3



JUMP

     The JUMP command calls a program at a specified hexadecimal 
     address:

        A>JUMP xxxx<cr>


DFU

     The DFU command changes the default user number for the 
     ZCPR1's COM file search (see Command Search Path below):

        A>DFU 2<cr>



5.1.3. Command Search Path

This feature is probably the single most useful command, of ZCPR.  
It means that you can be logged into drive B (B>) and when you 
issue a command such as:

     B>PIP<cr>

You do not need a copy of PIP.COM on drive B.  It works in the 
following manner:

     1.  The command is first examined to see if it is a CCP 
         (built-in) command, as described in section 5.1.1.

     2.  If not found, drive B (the currently logged drive) is 
         searched for the file PIP.COM in the currently logged 
         user number.

     3.  If not found, the Default User number on drive B is
         searched for the file PIP.COM (usually user 0, but may 
         be changed with the DFU command).

     4.  If not found, the Default User number on drive A is 
         searched for the file PIP.COM.


This means you can keep most of your programs on drive A and they 
will be found automatically.  Note that some programs require 
auxiliary overlay or data files and they may or may not be found.  
However, many popular programs such as WordStar and Perfect 
Writer will perform a similar search for their auxiliary files, 
while some others, such as dBase II, do not.


                               5-4


ZCPR has a number of customizing options, and we have chosen the 
following:

     1.  When a command can not be recognized, it is echoed 
         literally without filtering of control characters.  This
         is identical to the original CCP and is used by some 
         people to send control sequences to printers and the 
         video.

     2.  The current user number is included in the prompt (e.g. 
         user 5, drive C, shows as: C5>).

     3.  The screen is cleared before the first page of a TYPE 
         command.


5.2.  CP/M Logical Names

When RESET is pressed and the TurboROM system performs a cold 
boot, all of the drives (floppy, hard, and RAM disk) are assigned 
CP/M logical names starting with A.

When a TurboROM system is cold booted from floppy, the floppy 
disk(s) are assigned the first logical drive name(s), followed by 
the hard disk partition(s) (if hard disk drive(s) are present), 
and finally the RAM disk (if present) is assigned as the last 
logical name.  For a Kaypro 10 with a RAM Disk, booted from the 
floppy, the following assignments will be made:

     A:   FD1   First floppy disk drive
     B:   K10   Kaypro 10 Hard disk partition 0
     C:   K11   Kaypro 10 Hard disk partition 1
     D:   RAM   RAM Disk

When the TurboROM system cold boots from hard disk, the hard disk 
drives are assigned first, floppies second and the RAM disk (if 
present) last.  For a Kaypro 10 with a RAM Disk, booted from the 
hard disk, the following assignments will be made:

     A:   K10   Kaypro 10 Hard disk partition 0
     B:   K11   Kaypro 10 Hard disk partition 1
     C:   FD1   First floppy disk drive
     D:   RAM   RAM disk

The TURBOMAP utility can be used to inspect and change the 
TurboROM's assignment of the CP/M logical drive names.


                               5-5


5.3.  Floppy Disk Drives

The TurboROM can support up to 4 floppy disk drives and can 
support any combination of 48 and 96 TPI floppy drives.

The addition of extra floppy disk drives or 96 TPI drives 
requires the installation of the Advent Personality/Decoder 
Board.  Please refer to Appendix E for notes on the 
Personality/Decoder Board.  It is the user's responsibility to 
determine the suitability, mechanical requirements, and power 
requirements when adding or changing floppy disk drives.


5.3.1. Floppy Disk Formats

The TurboROM will recognize and can directly use several floppy 
disk formats.  In fact, you can use TURBOGEN to copy the TurboROM 
operating system onto most disk formats (including several non-
Kaypro formats) so that the disks can be used directly in the A 
drive.

The following table summarizes the capabilities of the '83 and'84 
TurboROMs.  All Kaypro 10s use the '84 TurboROM; the ProGRAPHICS 
version is considered an '83 TurboROM.

+-----------------------+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
|                       | TurboROM  | Total | Directory | Block |     
| Floppy Disk Format    | '83 | '84 |   K   |  Entries  | Size  |
+-----------------------+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
| Kaypro SSDD           |  x  |  x  |  195  |    64     |   1K  |
| Kaypro DSDD           |  x  |  x  |  394  |    64     |   2K  |
+-----------------------+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
| Advent SSDD           |  x  |  x  |  185  |    64     |   1K  |
| Advent DSDD 48        |  x  |  x  |  390  |   256     |   2K  |
| Advent DSDD 96        |  x  |  x  |  782  |   256     |   2K  |
+-----------------------+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
| Micro Cornucopia 96   |  x  |  x  |  788  |    96     |   4K  |
| Epson QX-10 DSDD 48   |     |  x  |  380  |   128     |   2K  |
| Osborne SSSD          |     |  x  |   92  |    64     |   1K  |
| Osborne SSDD          |  x  |  x  |  185  |    64     |   1K  |
| Xerox 820-1 SSSD      |     |  x  |   83  |    32     |   1K  |
+-----------------------+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+
| TURBOSET Formats      |  x  |  x  |  ---  |   ---     |   --  |
+-----------------------+-----------+-------+-----------+-------+

               Table 5-1: TurboROM Floppy Formats         


     Notes:
          X = format supported
          The TURBOSET Formats require the TURBOSET program.

                               5-6      



5.3.2. Advent Floppy Formats

The three Advent floppy formats provide the following benefits 
over the Kaypro and the Micro Cornucopia formats:

     1.  Faster disk read and write (optimized sector skew)
     2.  More directory entries on double sided formats
     3.  Better tolerance for disk drive spindle speed variations.

The Advent floppy formats have one limitation:  These formats can 
only be used with TurboROM equipped Kaypro computers.



5.3.3. TURBOSET Floppy Formats

Nearly any other CP/M 5.25" soft sector format may be set up 
using the TURBOSET program which is available as part of the 
Plu*Perfect Systems MULTICOPY Package. 


5.3.4. Adding Floppy Disk Drives

The TurboROM Supports up to 4 floppy disk drives on any Kaypro.  
These can be any combination of DSDD 48 TPI drives and DSDD 96 
TPI floppy drives.  The addition of extra floppy disk drives or 
96 TPI drives requires the installation of the Advent 
Personality/Decoder Board.  Please refer to Appendix E for notes 
on the Personality/Decoder Board.

Software support for additional floppy disk drives is provided by 
the TurboROM.  It is, however, the user's responsibility to 
determine the suitability, mechanical requirements, and power 
requirements when adding or changing floppy disk drives.


5.3.5. Fast Seek Option

A Fast Seek option is available for floppy disk drives which are 
capable of stepping faster than 6 ms/track.  Use of the fast seek 
option can provide significant speed improvements and noise 
reduction when used with floppy drives capable of fast step 
rates.  Installation of this option is a two step process:


                               5-7   


     1.  The Floppy Disk Controller chip is modified according to 
         the instructions for installing the Personality Decorder 
         Board, using the Fast Seek option.  Refer to Appendix 
         E.8.

     2.  The TURBOCFG utility program is used to specify the 
         appropriate Step Rates in the Advanced Options Menu 
         choice.


     The Fast Seek option works only with the TurboROM.  This 
     option is not compatible with any other ROM (including the 
     original Kaypro ROM).  The option is NOT COMPATIBLE with 
     commercial programs that directly Access the Floppy Disk 
     Controller chip (e.g. Uniform, Media Master, Fastback...).
     Please refer to Appendix E for further information 
     concerning the fast seek option.


5.4.  Hard Disk Drives

The TurboROM provides the software support for hard disk drives.  
The TurboROM automatically detects the presence of the hard disk 
drive(s) and can boot directly from the hard disk drive.  If a 
diskette is detected in the first floppy disk drive, the TurboROM 
will attempt to boot from the floppy drive.

The TurboROM can support two physical hard disk drives on any 
model Kaypro.,  Each hard disk drive may provide 56 Mb of 
storage.  The ADVFMT hard disk formatter is required for 
formatting any hard disk drive other than the 10 Mb drive in a 
Kaypro 10.  The Kaypro 10 TurboROM product provides a formatting 
utility that can be used to reformat the (single, 10 Mb) hard 
disk.  Three formats are supported, which are:

     1.  Original Kaypro 10 (not the U-ROM format)

     2.  Advent Format, 512 bytes per sector

     3.  Advent Format, 1024 bytes per sector


5.4.1. Adding Hard Drives

The installation of a hard disk drive on a non-Kaypro 10 requires 
the installation of a Western Digital WD1002-HDO hard disk 
controller board and the Advent Host Adapter to connect the 
Kaypro main board to the hard disk controller.


                               5-8



The ADVFMT Hard Disk Formatter software is required to prepare a 
hard disk drive for use on a non-Kaypro 10, or for the addition 
of a second drive or larger capacity drive to a Kaypro 10.

It is the user's reponsibility to determine the suitability, 
mechanical requirements, and power requirements when adding or 
changing hard disk drives.

     Note:
     The WD1002-HDO hard disk controller board was designed to
     control hard disk drives with the ST506 interface.  Some 
     new hard disk drives use the more modern ST412 interface.  
     Please be aware that the ST506 and ST412 interface standards 
     are NOT the same.


5.4.2. K10FMT Kaypro 10 Hard Disk Formatter

The K10FMT.COM program can be used only on the Kaypro 10 to 
reformat the hard disk to support one of the Advent Hard disk 
formats.  Please refer to Chapter 6 for more details.


5.4.3. ADVFMT Hard Disk Formatter

The ADVFMT Hard Disk Formatter is a program designed to prepare 5 
1/4" hard disk drives for use with the TurboROM.  This program is 
available through Advent Products, Inc.

ADVFMT is designed to accommodate nearly all hard disk drives 
that are compatible with the ST506 interface.  ADVFMT will 
support drives with a maximum of 8 read/write heads and 1024 
cylinders.  ADVFMT is designed to work with drives capable of 
buffered seek, or fixed step rate seek schemes.

The ADVFMT Formatter provides automatic detection of hard and 
soft errors during the format operation.  the bad spots are 
locked out before the operating system or any file can be written 
on the hard disk.

The Formatter, in addition to writing the disk drive format, 
provides the capability of dividing each physical disk drive into 
as many as seven CP/M partitions.  The capacity, CP/M block size 
and the number of directory entries for each partition is 
determined by the user and is constrained only by the limits of 
the CP/M operating system.


                               5-9



The following table summarizes the hard disk capabilities of the 
'83 and '84 TurboROMs:

      +---------------------------+-----------+-----------+
      |                           | TurboROM  | Number of |
      | Hard Disk Format          | '83 | '84 |  Drives   |
      +---------------------------+-----------+-----------+
      | Advent 1024               |  x  |  x  |     2     |
      | Advent 512                |     |  x  |     2     |
      +---------------------------+-----------+-----------+
      | Kaypro 10                 |     |  x  |     1     |
      +---------------------------+-----------+-----------+

         Table 5-2: TurboROM Hard Disk Format Capability

     Note: X = format supported


5.5  RAM Disk Support

The TurboROM provides automatic support for the Advent Products 
RAMDisk.  No additional software is required.  The TurboROM 
automatically detects the presence of the RAMDisk and assigns it 
the next CP/M logical drive name after all of the floppy and hard 
disks have been assigned.

As an example, a Kaypro with 2 floppy drives and RAMDisk will 
have this drive map after a cold boot:

     A:   FD1   First floppy disk drive
     B:   FD2   Second floppy disk drive
     C:   RAM   RAMDisk

The RAMDisk can be made the default drive (A); this requires two 
steps:

     1.  Use TURBOGEN to copy the operating system to the RAMDisk.

     2.  Use TURBOMAP to make the RAMDisk drive A.

         A>TURBOMAP RAM A<cr>

Now, the Kaypro with 2 floppy drives and RAMDisk will have this 
drive map, after using TURBOGEN and TURBOMAP:

     A:   RAM   RAMDisk
     B:   FD1   First floppy disk drive
     C:   FD2   Second floppy disk drive


                              5-10  



5.6.  TurboROM Video Features

Compared to the standard Kaypro ROM, some changes to the behavior 
of the video have been made.  These changes have been made for 
general consistency and to correct bugs in the original Kaypro 
video implementation.

Please refer to Appendix G for a complete listing of TurboROM 
video sequences.


5.6.1. Video Control Codes and Escape Sequences

     1.  Control Characters that are not used by the video are 
         now thrown away rather than generating Greek characters 
         or Fine Line graphics.

     2.  On '83 machines, true underline characters on the screen 
         are no longer destroyed when the underline cursor is 
         moved through their position.

     3.  On '84 machines the ESC G/ESC A sequences are implemented
         identically to the '83 machines.  That is, the 32 lower 
         case characters from the grave accent (60 Hex) through 
         the DELete (7F Hex) will produce the corresponding 
         graphic character if the video sequence ESC G has been 
         received.  When the sequence ESC A is received, the lower  
         case characters produce themselves.

     On the '83 model character ROMs, these 32 characters produced
     following the ESC G sequence are normally Greek and 
     mathematical symbols.  On the '84 model character ROMs, 
     these characters are normally the Fine Line graphic set.  On
     Foreign Language Kaypros these characters are selected 
     european characters.

     4.  On '84 machines the Status Line ON sequence, ESC B7, and 
         the Status Line OFF sequence, ESC C7, have been changed 
         slightly.  Kaypro defaulted to a 24 line scrolling window
         with the 25th line also scrolling.  the TurboROM 
         defaults to a 24 line scrolling display with the 25th 
         line locked (Status Line ON).  The Turbo Status Line OFF 
         sequence changes the display to a 25 line scrolling 
         screen.   


                              5-11



The difference in the status line behavior is small, however it 
may effect some user-written software that accesses the status 
line.  To erase the status line, position the cursor at the start 
of the 25th line using the direct cursor positioning sequence 
then use the erase to end of line sequence.

The 25 line scrolling screen is faster than the 24 line scrolling 
screen.  This extra speed can be exploited when using the Kaypro 
for terminal emulation.  You may also want to re-configure some 
of your application programs, such as WordStar, to make use of the  
25 line screen.  A patched version of MASMENU.COM which cleans up 
its video behavior, is available from Advent Products. 


5.6.2. New Video Features:

1.  Hard Tabulations
    The standard Kaypro video ignored the tabulation character, 
    ^I.  The '83, '84, and K10 TurboROMs expand this character 
    to 8 column fixed tabs.  This is of use mostly to users of 
    Plu*Perfect Systems' NOTEPAD module of the Backgrounder, as 
    most programs expand tabs in software.

    The Prographics version of the TurboROM does not expand tabs. 

2.  Insert and Delete Character

    Two new control codes are now interpreted to insert and 
    delete characters.  ^A will cause the next character received 
    to be inserted at the current cursor position.  ^B will 
    delete the character currently at the cursor position.
    Both of these controls are limited to the current line, i.e.,
    inserting characters will move the characters to the right 
    of the cursor but will not cause any that are displaced past 
    the end of the line to wrap.  These new features are of 
    interest to users of Plu*Perfect Systems' NOTEPAD module of 
    the Backgrounder.

    The Prographics version of the TurboROM uses the ESC Q and 
    ESC W for the insert and delete character sequences.

3.  Programmable Cursor --- K10s & '84s only
    The TurboROM provides a method of dynamically modifying the 
    type of cursor used.  The default cursor is most easily set
    using the TURBOCFG utility.

    ESC Un will modify the cursor appearance, where n specifies a 
    bit pattern that determines the cursor characteristics.  The
    following figure details the bit pattern specified with n.


                              5-12



+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|   Set Cursor Type:  ESC Un                                    |
|                                                               |
|   n BIT POSITIONS:   D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0                  |
|                      zz B1 B0 zz S3 S2 S1 S0                  |
|                                                               |
|   where:                                                      |
|   zz     always 0                                             |
|                                                               |
|   B1,B0  determine cursor behavior                            |
|          00 - no blinking                                     |
|          01 - no cursor                                       |
|          10 - fast blinking                                   |
|          11 - slow blinking                                   |
|                                                               |
|   S3,S2,S1,S0 determine size of displayed cursor              |
|          0000 - full block cursor (16 scan lines)             |
|          0001 - block cursor (15 scan lines)                  |
|           ...                                                 |
|          1110 - underline cursor (2 scan lines)               |
|          1111 - underline cursor (1 scan line)                |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

              Fig. 5-1: Set Cursor Type Bit Pattern                             

4.  Disable On-Screen Clock Display
    On '84 and K10 machines which have either a built-in Kaypro 
    clock or Advent Products' Real Time Clock/Calendar, the on-
    screen time display may be temporarily disabled with:

    ESC C8 and re-enabled with ESC B8

    Note that the clock display is automatically disabled if a 25 
    line scrolling screen is selected.

5.  Switch character generators
    On '84 machines which are correctly wired to accept an 8K 
    character, an alternate character set may be chosen with the 
    following command:


                              5-13 



    ESC B9

    Reselect the original character set with:

    ESC C9

    This additional character set would normally reside in the 
    other half of a 8K character ROM.  '84 machines were designed 
    to accept an 8K ROM but Kaypro failed to wire the main board 
    circuit correctly and a minor modification is required.  On
    older Kaypro 10s a small circuit modification is required, 
    please contact Advent Products if you wish to make use of 
    this feature of the TurboROM.


5.7.  Screen Blanking

The TurboROM is designed to blank the display on the built-in CRT 
monitor after 8 to 12 minutes of keyboard inactivity.  Pressing 
any key on the keyboard will bring the display back.


5.7.1. Screen Blanking, '84 TurboROM

The screen blanking is automatic on the '84 model Kaypros.  The 
'84 models use a CRT controller chip in the video logic, and the 
TurboROM simply re-programs the CRT controller to blank the 
screen.

Any key that is pressed to restore the screen is discarded and 
will not affect the program that was running when the screen was 
blanked.

The screen blanking can be inhibited by poking a data pattern 
into a specific memory location.  Please contact Advent 
Products, Inc., for this information.


5.7.2. Screen Blanking, '83 TurboROM

The '83 models do not have a built-in method to blank the 
screen.  The TurboROM does, however, provide for screen blanking 
on the '83 models by making U70 pin 25 go LOW to enable a 
modified character generator to perform the blanking.


                              5-14


After blanking, pressing any key on the keyboard will make U70 
pin 25 go HIGH and thus restore the display.  Note that the key 
that was pressed to restore the screen is not discarded and may 
affect the program that was running when the screen was blanked.

The following is a procedure to implement screen blanking on '83 
machines with the TurboROM:


Screen Blanking Character Generator ROM

     The '83 Screen Blanking ROM is available from Advent 
     Products, or you can make your own if you have access to the 
     proper equipment.

     The '83 Character generator is located at U43 and is 
     generally labeled  81-146.  the character generator is a 2K 
     (2716) EPROM.  Remove this IC.

     If you have access to EPROM programming equipment.  The file
     BLK83.HEX on the TurboROM Support Software disk contains the
     data to be programmed into 4K (2732A) EPROM.

Installing the Character Generator

     If you have made your own Screen Blanking ROM, bend pin 21 
     on the ROM out from the body of the chip and plug the chip 
     into the socket at U43.

     Connect a wire from the pin 21 of the Screen Blanking ROM to 
     U70 pin 25.  If the ROM is purchased from Advent Products, 
     the wire is already attached to pin 21.

     Note:
     The feed-thru solder pad labeled E24 is connected to U70 pin 
     25 and can be used for connecting the wire from the ROM.


5.7.3. Screen Blanking, ProGRAPHICS TurboROM

The original Prographics System did not have a mechanism to blank 
the video screen after a period of non-use.  The TurboROM does, 
however, provide for screen blanking by making U70 pin 25 go LOW 
to blank the screen.


                              5-15



Pressing any key on the keyboard will make U70 pin 25 go HIGH to 
restore the display.  Note that the key that was pressed to 
restore the screen is not discarded and may affect the program 
that was running when the screen was blanked.

To implement screen blanking with the ProGRAPHICS system, the 
following changes must be made:

1.  Remove IC U2 on the ProGRAPHICS main board.  Bend U2 pin 1 
    out from the body of the integrated circuit.  Re-install U2 
    in the socket (all leads except pin 1 are to bo back into the 
    socket).

2.  Connect a wire from U2 pin 1 on the ProGRAPHICS main board to 
    U70 pin 25 on the main Kaypro circuit board.


5.8.  Keypad and Arrow Keys

The TurboROM treats the keypad and arrow keys in the exact same 
manner as Kaypro did on their '83 machines and on the early '84 
machines before the introduction of the Universal ROM.  The 
TURBOCFG program allows simple remapping of the keypad and arrow 
keys.  See Appendix F for notes on WordStar patches.


5.9.  Screen Dump, Prographics

Screen dump capability for the ProGRAPHICS System is made 
possible by having the TurboROM maintain a duplicate image of 
the Prographics screen in the original video memory of the 
Kaypro.  It is the Kaypro video memory that is dumped by the 
TurboROM and by other screen dump programs (e.g. Plu*Perfect 
System's Backgrounder).

The image maintained by the TurboROM is an attempt to emulate the 
behavior of the ProGRAPHICS hardware.  The emulation has the 
following limitations:

1.  The Prographics system displays 25 lines of characters; the 
    Kaypro supports only a 24 line display, therefore, the 25th 
    line on the ProGRAPHICS display is not emulated and cannot be 
    dumped. 


                              5-16



2.  The Prographics system supports a graphics character set; 
    these characters are not emulated and cannot be dumped.

3.  Some of the complex escape sequences recognized by the 
    ProGRAPHICS System are not emulated (e.g. setting the time, 
    changing the screen fill character, etc.).

Despite these limitations the screen dump capability is quite 
usable.  Most of the software that runs on your Kaypro will not 
stumble into these limitations.

The emulation of the ProGRAPHICS hardware has two additional 
effects:

     1.  The emulation slows down the video display rate of the
         ProGRAPHICS system.  To allow the ProGRAPHICS System to
         run at its maximum speed a video escape sequence has 
         been added to disable the emulation:

         ESC X

         To re-enable the emulation the video driver must be re-
         started and the screens must be re-synchronized.  this 
         is a bit tricky, so a utility program, EMULATE.COM had 
         been included with the ProGRAPHICS version of the 
         TurboROM to control the video emulation.

     To disable video emulation, at the CP/M prompt enter:

         A>EMULATE OFF<cr>
     
     To re-enable video emulation, at the CP/M prompt enter:

         A>EMULATE ON<cr>

     2.  Because a copy of the ProGRAPHICS screen is maintained 
         by the TurboROM in the screen memory of the Kaypro,
         customers with the ProGRAPHICS video switch hardware can 
         select either the internal video display or the 
         ProGRAPHICS video display.


                              5-17 



                            Chapter 6
                             K10FMT 



The K10FMT program is designed to re-format the Kaypro 10 hard 
disk drive for faster access and increase storage capacity when 
used with the Advent Products TurboROM.  In the majority of 
cases, the Kaypro 10 hard disk drive does not need to be re-
formatted for use with the TurboROM.  The TurboROM, however, can 
not correctly access the hard disk on the Universal ROM Kaypro 
10s unless it is re-formatted with the K10FMT program.

The K10FMT program in addition to writing the disk drive format, 
allows the user tremendous flexibility in how the capacity of 
the Kaypro 10 hard disk drive is partitioned for CP/M.  The 
K10FMT program provides bad track mapping during the format 
operation to ensure that defective hard disk areas are never 
used to store data.

The K10FMT program is capable of re-formatting the hard disk to 
the original Kaypro 10 format (pre-Universal ROM).


6.1.  Main Menu Display

Several of the operations performed by the K10FMT program are 
destructive and will permanently erase any and all data stored on 
the Kaypro 10 hard disk drive.  Back up all needed files to 
floppy disk before using the formatter program.

Place the TurboROM WORKING COPY diskette in the floppy drive and 
press RESET to boot the Kaypro 10 from floppy.  To start the 
formatter program, enter the following command: 

     A>K10FMT<cr>

The Formatter will test and verify the presence of a working hard 
disk controller.  If the hard disk controller is functional, the
Main menu will be presented.  The figure on the next page 
represents the choices available at the Main Menu level.


                               6-1



+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|   Advent Hard Disk Initialization Main Menu                   |
|   [ 0]  Initialize Hard Disk with 1024 Byte Advent Format     |
|   [ 1]  Initialize Hard Disk with 512 Byte Advent Format      |
|   [ 2]  Initilize Hard Disk with Kaypro Format                |
|   [ 3]  Advanced Option Menu                                  |
|   [ 4]  Exit to CP/M                                          |
|   Enter menu choice number (0 - 4):                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

                   Fig. 6-1: Main Menu Display


The five choices presented by the Formatter at the Main Menu are 
summarized as follows:


0 - Initialize Hard Disk with 1024 Byte Advent Format

This option prepares a hard disk for use with the TurboROM.  This 
format uses 1024 byte sectors.  The formatted capacity for a 
Kaypro 10 drive will be approximately 11,000 K (11 Mb).

Kaypro has used several different brands of hard disk drives in 
Kaypro 10s.  MICROSCIENCE HH612 drives do not work reliably when 
formatted with 1024 byte sectors.  This model drive should use 
the 512 byte Advent format. 


1 - Initialize Hard Disk with 512 Byte Advent Format

This option prepares a hard disk for use with the TurboROM.  This 
format uses 512 byte sectors.  The formatted capacity for a 
Kaypro 10 drive will be approximately 10,390 K.  While this 
format may be used for any drive, it is reccommended for the 
MICROSCIENCE model HH612.


2 - Initialize Hard Disk with Kaypro Format

This option formats and initializes the Kaypro 10 hard disk with 
the Kaypro format.  This format is the same as is used on all 
Kaypro 10s before the introduction of Kaypro's Universal ROM.  
The formatted capacity will be approximately 9,008 K.


                               6-2



3 - Advanced Option Menu

This choice presents a menu of options that are available after a 
hard disk drive has been successfully initialized with either of 
the two Advent hard disk formats.  Please refer to 6.4. in this 
chapter for more details on this option.


4 - Exit to CP/M

This choice exits to the CP/M operating system.


6.2.  Advent Hard Disk Formats

At the main menu level select either choice 0 or 1 and enter a 
carriage return.  The formatter program will prompt you for 
input, and when there is a default value available, the formatter 
program will enclose the default in the square brackets [].  
Press only a RETURN at the prompt to use the default value.

All examples and screens that follow are based on choice 0 (1024 
Byte Format).


6.2.1. Sector Skew

The Formatter program will prompt for a sector Skew factor.  
Sector skew is the number of physical sectors between any two 
consecutive logical sectors.

Press the RETURN key at the prompt for the default (recommended) 
skew of one:

     Desired sector skew ([1] - 8): <cr>1


6.2.2. Starting the Format Operation

The format operation will erase all data that may have been 
stored on the disk.  The formatter will prompt twice for 
confirmation before proceeding.  The format operation will take 
about 5 minutes and will update the screen about once each second 
with the current track number.  


                               6-3



6.2.3. Manufacturer's Flaw Map

Most hard disk drives have one or more defective areas that 
cannot be used for data storage.  Hard disk manufacturers test 
the drives and provide a report of the defective areas in the 
form of a flaw map.  The flaw map is often attached to the sheet 
metal inside the Kaypro 10.  The K10FMT program can use the flaw 
map information (if it's available) to insure that the known 
defective areas are not used.

If you do not have a copy of the manufacturer's flaw map, enter 
N<cr> at the prompt:

      Do you want to mark any tracks as "bad" ([Y]/N): N<cr>

If you have a copy of the manufacturer's flaw map, you should 
enter <cr> in response to the prompt:

      Do you want to mark any tracks as "bad" ([Y]/N): <cr>Y

The formatter will prompt for cylinder and head numbers to be 
locked out.  In the following screen, cylinder 129, head 1 is 
marked as flawed and will not be used:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|   Bad Track Lock Out                                          |
|   Enter the Cylinder or Head number followed                  |
|   by a RETURN in response to each prompt.                     |
|   Enter only a RETURN at the prompt to quit.                  |
|   Bad track #1                                                |
|       Cylinder number (0 - 305):  129<cr>                 |
|       Head number (0 - 3):  1<cr>                         |
|   Bad track #2                                                |
|       Cylinder number (0 - 305):  <cr>                    |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

              Fig. 6-2: Bad Track Lock Out Display


6.2.4. Verify and Test Operation

The Formatter will perform a series of tests on the hard disk 
drive to check for additional flawed areas.  Defective areas are 
reported and logged.  At the prompt enter a <cr>:


                               6-4


     Do you want to VERIFY and TEST the drive now ([Y]/N):  <cr>Y

The verify and test operation takes about 30 minutes.  In the 
following example an additional flawed area was detected at 
Cylinder 51 head 1 by the read/write tests:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|               Hard Disk Read/Write Tests                      |
|            Controller Read/Write Check:  OK                   |
|            000h pattern                                       |
|   Pass:  1 Verifying track:   205 Hard Error at Cyl:51 Head:1 |
|   Pass:  1 Verifying track:  1223 Verify Complete             |
|   Pass:  2 Verifying track:  1223 Verify Complete             |
|       0FFh pattern                                            |
|       Writing track:  1223 Write Complete                     |
|   Pass:  1 Verifying track:  1223 Verify Complete             |
|   Pass:  2 Verifying track:  1223 Verify Complete             |
|       Worst Case Read                                         |
|       Writing track:  1223 Write Complete                     |
|   Pass:  1 Verifying track:  1223 Verify Complete             |
|   Pass:  2 Verifying track:  1223 Verify Complete             |
|   Read/Write Tests Complete                                   |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

                  Fig. 6-3: Test/Verify Display        

At the completion of the read/write tests you will be prompted to 
continue.


6.2.5. Bad Track Report

An accumulative bad track report will be displayed.  This report 
will include all of the tracks manually entered from the 
manufacturer's flaw map and any additional tracks found during the 
read/write tests:

Look at the bad track report.  If more than ten errors are 
reported, you may have a serious drive or controller problem.  If 
you are using the 1024 byte format and a large number of errors 
are reported, as would be the case with the MICROSCIENCE HH612 
drive, try re-formatting using the 512 byte format.


6.2.6. Drive Partitioning

At this point in the procedure, the hard disk has been formatted 
and has been tested for flaws.  The next operation is to 
partition the drive for use with CP/M.


                               6-5


     Enter a RETURN at the prompt:

Do you want to partition the drive now ([Y]/N):  <cr>Y


6.2.7. Landing Zone

Enter <cr> at the prompt for a head landing zone:


     Do you want a dedicated head landing zone (Y/[N]):  <cr>N


The TurboROM automatically positions the read/write heads over 
the innermost cylinder of the hard disk drive after several 
seconds of non-use.  When power is removed from the Kaypro 10 
hard disk, the platters stop spinning and the read/write heads 
land on the surface of the platters.  The read/write heads and 
the platter surfaces are designed to tolerate this landing 
without damage to either the heads or the platters. 

Kaypro reserves the last 50 cylinders on the hard disk drive for 
a landing zone.  These cylinders are not used for data storage.  
These unused cylinders represent a loss of about 1,800 K of drive 
capacity.  It is Advent's opinion that the use of a reserved area 
will not result in any improvement in hard disk reliability.  
However, the Formatter does allow you to reserve a landing zone 
if desired.

To reserve a landing zone area, enter Y<cr> at the previous 
prompt.  The Formatter will then request the number of cylinders 
to reserve:

     How many cylinders do you want to reserve (0 - 100):  50<cr>


6.2.8. Partition Description

The standard Kaypro 10 format had two partitions (drive A and B) 
of about 4500 K each, with total drive capacity of about 9000 K.  
When re-formatted with the 1024 byte format the total drive 
capacity will be about 11,000 K.  The Formatter can divide this 
capacity into as many as seven CP/M partitions (e.g., A, B, C, D, 
E, F, F, G).  The largest partition size allowed by CP/M is 8,192 
K.


                               6-6 



The Formatter will prompt for the desired number of partitions 
(the default is two):

     How many partitions do you want (1 - 7 [2]):  <cr>2

For each partition, the formatter will prompt for the following 
information:

     1.  CP/M Block Size

     CP/M allocates disk space in multiples of the block size.  
     Any file will occupy at least one block.  If you maintain 
     many small files, you may want to request a small CP/M block 
     size (2 or 4 K) for efficient use of the disk capacity.  
     Conversely, if you are maintaining only a few very LARGE 
     files you may want to select a large block size (8 or 16K) 
     as this will speed up CP/M's access to your data.

     The default block size is shown in square brackets, e.g. [4].


     2.  Partition Size

     The Formatter will display the capacity remaining on the 
     hard disk drive, and then will prompt for the desired 
     partition size in K.  The default size will be shown in 
     square brackets.


    3.  Directory Entries

    The Formatter will prompt for the number of directory entries
    for the partition.

    The default number of entries is shown in square brackets.


After answering the CP/M block size, partition capacity, and 
directory entry questions the Formatter will juggle these values 
and then will display the Single Partition Description.  The 
Formatter will then prompt for confirmation.  This cycle will 
continue until there is no formatted space left on the disk.


                               6-7



6.2.9. Total Partition Description

After describing each partition, the Formatter will display the 
description of all of the drive partitions as a Total Partition 
Description.  The Formatter will then prompt for confirmation.  
If you want to change the description of any partition, enter 
N<cr> and the formatter will discard the description and prompt 
for a new set of parameters for each partition.


6.2.10. CP/M Directory Initialization

The initialization (erasure) of the CP/M directory areas is 
performed automatically by the Formatter after the hard disk has 
been successfully partitioned.  The Formatter will display the 
progress of the CP/M directory initialization.


6.2.11. Paramenter Sector Write

The last initialization step is to write the parameter sector on 
the hard disk drive.  The Formatter performs this step 
automatically, following the initialization of the CP/M directory 
area.  The parameter sector is used by the TurboROM to determine 
the hard disk drive characterisitcs, CP/M partition descriptions, 
and bad track information.

If the Formatter was successful in completing the initialization 
it will display the message:

     Advent Hard Disk Initialization complete

And wait for confirmation:

     Press any key to continue...<cr>


6.2.12. Writing CP/M to the System Tracks, TurboROM System

The formatting operation does not place a copy of the CP/M 
operating system on the hard disk.  Please refer to the 
instructions in section 3.5 (chapter 3) in this manual on how to 
write a copy of CP/M to the newly formatted hard disk drive.


                               6-8       



6.3.  Kaypro 10 Hard Disk Format

This section of the manual describes the use of the K10FMT 
program to generate the original Kaypro 10 hard disk format.  The 
Kaypro 10 format is supported by the Formatter only as a 
convenience for those who may want to reformat a drive for use on 
a standard Kaypro 10.  This format is not the same as the one 
used with Kaypro's Universal ROM.  The Kaypro 10 format is choice 
2 at the main menu of K10FMT.


6.3.1. Formatting the Drive

The format operation will erase all data that may have been 
stored on the disk.  The formatting operation will take about 10 
minutes to complete.  The following screen will be displayed if 
no formatting or verification errors are encountered:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|   Hard Disk Formatting Procedure                              |
|   Formatting track:  1223 Format Complete                     |
|   Erasing drive                                               |
|   Writing track:    1223 Write Complete                       |
|   Verifying track:  1223 Verify Complete                      |
|   Hard Disk Initialization complete (Kaypro format)           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

               Fig. 6-4: Kaypro 10 Format Display


6.3.2. Writing CP/M to the System Tracks, Kaypro System

The formatting operation does not place a copy of the CP/M 
operating system on the hard disk.  The procedure for placing the 
CP/M system on the hard disk depends upon which monitor EPROM is 
to be used with the re-formatted hard disk drive.  If you are 
using the TurboROM, please refer to the procedure at 3.5 (chapter 
3).  If you are going to re-install the Kaypro 81-302 monitor ROM 
use the following procedure:

     1.  Re-install the 81-302 ROM
     2.  Re-boot the Kaypro 10 from the BACKUP COPY diskette
     3.  Run the PUTSYS.COM utility
     4.  Run the PUTOVL.COM utility
     5.  Remove the floppy disk and re-boot from the hard disk 
         drive.


                              b6-9


6.4.  Advanced Option Menu

The Advanced Option Menu provides a series of functions that can 
be performed on a hard disk drive after it has been successfully 
formatted using one of the Advent hard disk formats.  At the Main 
menu prompt select 3 for the Advanced Option Menu.

Brief descriptions of the major functions available through the 
Advanced Option Menu are as follows:

     0 - Display Parameter Sector information

     A single sector is used by the Advent Hard Disk Formats to 
     preserve information about the hard disk drive.  This sector 
     is always the last sector on cylinder 0, head 0.  This 
     sector contains the following information:
     1.  Physical drive description
     2.  CP/M partition description
     3.  Bad track map

     This option will allow you to examine the parameter sector 
     and optionally print this information.


     1 - Change Drive Partitions

     This option allows you to change the number and description 
     of the CP/M partitions without having to re-format and test 
     the hard disk drive.  The bad track map and the Physical 
     drive description are not changed by this option.

     This option will erase all files from the entire physical 
     hard disk.  This erasure is permanent; the files can never 
     be restored.


     2 - Change Sector Skew

     This option allows you to experiment with the sector skew 
     (interleave) used by the hard disk drive.  This option:
     1.  Reads all the data from a single track
     2.  Re-formats that track with a new sector skew factor
     3.  Writes the data back to that track
     4.  Advances to the next track, and repeats the process 
         until all of the tracks have been converted.


                              6-10



     The option attempts to not destroy any data on the hard disk 
     drive, but any read or write error during the procedure is 
     fatal and will result in the loss of data.  Use this option 
     with care.


     3 - Initialize (erase) CP/M directories

     This option simply erases all files from the entire physical 
     hard disk.  This erasure is permanent; the files can never 
     be restored.


     4 - Copy:  Parameter Sector --> CP/M file

     This option allows you to copy the parameter sector to a CP/M
     file so that the parameter sector can be examined with 
     software tools such as DDT.COM.  This option is recommended
     for writing a copy of the parameter sector to you Working
     Copy floppy disk.  In the event of a crash of the hard 
     disk(s), recovery may be possible using the information in 
     the parameter sector file. 


                              6-11   


                           Appendix A
             Early Kaypro II, 4K EPROM Modification

This appendix provides instruction on how to modify an early 
Kaypro II main board to accept the '83 TurboROM.  An adapter kit 
is available from Advent Products, Inc., to perform this same 
modification without soldering or permanently modifying the main 
board.

The TurboROM for the '83 and the ProGRAPHICS Kaypros is a 4K 
(2732A) EPROM.  Late model Kaypro II computers were shipped with 
the Kaypro 4 main board and do not require any changes for use 
with the TurboROM.  The late model Kaypro IIs can be 
distinguished by having PC81-240A silk screened on the front 
right corner of the main circuit board and the monitor EPROM at 
U47 will marked 81-232.

Early Kaypro IIs do not have any number silk-screened on the 
front right corner of the main circuit board and are not designed 
to accept a 4K EPROM.  The monitor EPROM at U47 is labeled 81-
149.

If the Early Kaypro II has been previously (and successfully) 
modified to accept a 4K EPROM, the changes indicated in this 
Appendix are not required.

A.1.  TurboROM Adapter Kit, Early Kaypro II

The TurboROM Adapter Kit consists of a jumper wire with special 
clips and a modified integrated circuit chip for replacing the IC 
at U60 on the main board.

     1.  Turn the Kaypro OFF, and unplug the Kaypro from the 
         power source.

     2.  Using a medium sized Phillips screwdriver, remove the 
         four screws on each side and the two screws on the top
         of the cover.  Remove the cover and set it aside.

     3.  Remove the monitor EPROM from its socket at U47 using a
         small flat-bladed screwdriver.  Pry very gently with the
         screwdriver.  Pry on each end of the EPROM so that 
         neither the socket nor the EPROM are damaged.


                               A-1


     4.  Locate pin 21 on the TurboROM and gently bend this pin 
         away from the body of the part.  Insert the TurboROM at 
         U47, aligning pin 1 of the TurboROM with pin 1 of the 
         socket.  The notched end will be pointed away from the 
         disk drives.

     5.  Use the jumper wire from the adapter kit to connect pin 
         21 of the TurboROM to pin 6 of the IC at U33.

     6.  Replace U60 with the modified integrated circuit from 
         the adapter kit.

A.2.  Early Kaypro II, 4K EPROM Modification

This section details how to modify the early Kaypro II main 
boards to accept 4K EPROMs in the event that the TurboROM Adapter 
Kit is not available.

     1.  Turn the Kaypro OFF, and unplug the Kaypro from the 
         power source.

     2.  Using a medium sized Phillips screwdriver, remove the 
         four screws on each side and the two screws on the top
         of the cover.  Remove the cover and set it aside.

     3.  Locate pin 21 on the TurboROM and gently bend this pin
         away from the body of the part.  Replace the Kaypro 
         EPROM at U47 with the TurboROM.

     4.  Solder a wire between pin 21 of the TurboROM and U33 pin 
         6.

     5.  Remove U60 from its socket.  Bend pin 1 out from the 
         body of the IC and solder a wire from pin 1 to pin 8.

     6.  Re-install U60, leaving pin 1 out of the socket.


                               A-2


                           Appendix B
              Early Kaypro II, Double Sided Drives


Early Kaypro II computers do not support the side select logic 
required for double sided floppy disk drives.  Late model Kaypro 
II computers were shipped with the Kaypro 4 main board and do not 
require any changes for use with double sided floppy disk drives.  
The late model Kaypro IIs can be distinguished by having PC81-
240A silk screened on the front right corner of the main circuit 
board.  The monitor EPROM at U47 will be marked 81-232.

Early Kaypro IIs do not have any number silk screened on the 
front right corner.  The monitor EPROM at U47 may be labeled 81-
149.

This appendix details how to modify the early Kaypro II main 
boards to generate the side select logic.  The 
Personality/Decoder Module is available from Advent Products, 
Inc., to perform this same modification without soldering or 
permanently modifying the main board.


B.1.  Main Board Removal

     1.  Turn the Kaypro OFF.

     2.  Unplug the Kaypro from the power source.

     3.  Using a medium sized Phillips screwdriver, remove the 
         four screws on each side and the two screws on the top
         of the cover.  Remove the cover and set it aside.

     4.  Carefully disconnect the four cables attached to the 
         main Kaypro circuit board.  Remove the two screws 
         holding the front edge of the main board to the white 
         plastic stand-offs.  Remove the screws and fasteners
         that hold the back edge of the board to the metal
         cabinet.

     5.  Remove the main Kaypro II circuit board from the 
         computer.


                               B-1


B.@.  Main Board Modification

     1.  Locate U73 and remove it.

     2.  Purchase a 74S04 integrated circuit to replace U73.

     3.  Bend pin 5 of the 74S04 out from the body of the chip.
         Remove the IC at U73 and install the modified 74S04 in 
         the socket at U73.  Pin 5 does not go back into the 
         socket. 

     4.  Add a wire on the component side of the board, connecting 
         U73 pin 5 and the feed thru solder pad labeled E40.

     5.  Add a wire, on the component side of the board, 
         connecting U73 pin 6 to J6 pin 32 (J6 is the floppy disk
         drive cable connector).


                               B-2


                           Appendix C
                         Early Kaypro II
                    Field Service Bulletin #4

Early Kaypro IIs have a circuit design problem that can cause the 
corruption of data on the floppy disks.  This design problem was 
corrected on later versions of the Kaypro II.  Kaypro issued 
Field Service Bulletin #4 to detail how to fix the problem with 
Kaypro IIs in the field.

The information in this appendix applies only to Kaypro II 
models WITHOUT the main circuit board identified as PC81-240A in 
the front right corner.  Check the integrated circuit identified 
as U87 in the front right corner of the circuit board.  It should 
have two small wires connecting its pins to each other, one wire 
on each side of the chip.  If it does not have these wires, they 
will have to be installed according to the following 
instructions:

     1.  Remove IC U87 from its socket.

     2.  Bend pin 1 of the IC out from the body of the IC.

     3.  Cut off pin 9 of the IC near the body.

     4.  Solder a wire from pin 1 to pin 6 of the IC.

     5.  Solder a wire from pin 12 to pin 15 of the IC.

     6.  Reinstall the IC, leaving pin 1 out of the socket.


             15          12           9
               v           v           v
         --+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--
        |                                |
         >         74LS390  (U87)        |
        |   o                            |
         --+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--
           ^                   ^   
           1                   6   

PIN NUMBER ID. IS DETERMINED BY THE NOTCHED END


                               C-1           


                            Appendix D
             Early Kaypro 10, 8K EPROM Modification

The TurboROM for the Kaypro 10 is an 8K (2764) EPROM.  The 
TurboROM can be plugged into all Kaypro 10s except for the early 
versions.  Early Kaypro 10s can be distinguished by the position 
of the 50 conductor (approximately 2 1/2" wide) ribbon cable.  
The ribbon cable attaches near the middle of the main circuit 
board on early Kaypro 10s, not to the edge of the main circuit 
board as in later model Kaypro 10s.

This appendix details how to modify the early Kaypro 10s to 
accept the TurboROM, in the event that the TurboROM Adapter Kit 
is not available.  This adapter is available from Advent 
Products, Inc., to perform this same modification without 
soldering or permanently modifying the main board.  When using 
the TurboROM Adapter Kit to install the TurboROM in a Kaypro 10, 
the 16 pin IC, also contained in the Adapter Kit, is not used.

The Adapter Kit provides a jumper wire for connecting pin 2 of 
the TurboROM to pin 2 of the Z80 CPU which is the 40 pin IC at 
position U28.  If the TurboROM Adapter Kit is not available, the 
instructions below will duplicate the installation of the 
adapter.

D.1.  Cover Removal

     1.  Turn the Kaypro OFF.

     2.  Unplug the Kaypro from the power source.

     3.  Using a medium sized Phillips screwdriver, remove the 
         four screws on each side and the two screws on the top 
         of the cover.  Remove the cover and set it aside.

D.2.  Main Board Modification

     1.  Solder a 6" length of 30 ga. solid kynar insulated wire
         to pin 2 of the TurboROM.

     2.  Remove the Kaypro EPROM at location U42.


                               D-1


     3.  Install the TurboROM into the socket at location U42 on 
         the main Kaypro circuit board.  Pins 1, 2, 27, and 28 
         overhang the 24 pin socket on the end away from the disk 
         drives.  Pin 3 of the TurboROM is installed into pin 1 
         of the 24 pin socket.

     4.  Solder the free end of the wire extending from the 
         TurboROM to U28 pin 2 (Z80 CPU).


                               D-2


                           Appendix E
                    Personality/Decoder Board


E.1.  Product Description

The Personality/Decoder Board is used in conjunction with the 
TurboROM to expand the capabilities of the Kaypro floppy disk 
system.  The TurboROM MUST detect the presence of the 
Personality/Decoder Board before it will support additional 
floppies or any 96 TPI floppies.

The Decoder Board adds the following capabilities to the TurboROM 
equipped Kaypro computer:  

     1.  Logic to support double sided disk drives on Kaypro II 
         computers, without permanently modifying the main Kaypro 
         circuit board.

     2.  Drive select logic for 4 floppy disk drives.

     3.  Support for 96 TPI (quad density) disk drives.

     4.  Fast Seek option.

The Personality/Decoder Board simply plugs into the Kaypro.  No 
soldering or permanent changes to the Kaypro main board are 
required for installation.


E.2.  Product Compatibility, Personality Decoder Board

Two different Personality/Decoders are available, one for use 
with Kaypros which have one serial port ('83 models), and the 
other for use with Kaypros which have two serial ports (10 '83 & 
'84 models).

The Personality/Decoder can be used with the Kaypro 10 and the 
TurboROM to allow the installation of a second floppy drive or 
the use of 96 TPI drives.  Please refer to the section on Kaypro 
10s in this appendix.


                               E-1  



E.3.  Status Switch

The Personality/Decoder Board has a status switch that is read by 
the TurboROM.  The status switch is required for the TurboROM to 
support additional or 96 TPI floppy disk drives.


E.4.  Status Switch Usage

The Personality/Decoder board has a bank of 8 switches.  These 
switches are used by the TurboROM to determine how many floppy 
disk drives are installed.  Additionally, the switches are used to 
identify which (if any) of the floppy disk drives are 96 TPI 
drives.  The switches are numbered as shown in figure E-1.

     +--------------------------+
     |0 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  |
     |N+-++-++-++-++-++-++-++-+ |
     | |_||_||_||_||_||_||_||_| |
     |0| || || || || || || || | |
     |F+_++_++_++_++_++_++_++_+ |
     |F                         |
     +--------------------------+

        Fig. E-1: Status Switch 

Depressing the end of the white paddle nearest the ON marking 
will turn that switch ON.  Conversely, depressing the end of the 
white paddle nearest the OFF marking will turn that switch OFF.  
The status switches have the following assignments:

     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     | Status | Drive |   Switch   |   Switch   |
     | Switch |   #   |    "ON"    |    "OFF"   |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   1    |   1   | INSTALLED  | INSTALLED  |
     |   2    |   1   |   96TPI    |   48TPI    |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   3    |   2   | INSTALLED  |  NO DRIVE  |
     |   4    |   2   |   96TPI    |   48TPI    |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   5    |   3   | INSTALLED  |  NO DRIVE  |
     |   6    |   3   |   96TPI    |   48TPI    |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   7    |   4   | INSTALLED  |  NO DRIVE  |
     |   8    |   4   |   96 TPI   |   48 TPI   |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
           
          Table E-1: Status Switch Settings


                               E-2


      Note: 
          The schematic diagram at the end of this appendix is 
          not in error:  Status Switch 1 is not connected.  The
          switch is wired always OFF.

In the following example the status switch has been set for a 3 
drive system.  Drives 1 and 2 are normal 48 TPI drives; the 3rd 
dirve is a 96 TPI drive:

     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     | Status | Drive |   Switch   |   Switch   |
     | Switch |   #   |  Position  | Assignment |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   1    |   1   |     ON     | INSTALLED  |
     |   2    |   1   |     OFF    |   48TPI    |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   3    |   2   |     ON     | INSTALLED  |
     |   4    |   2   |     OFF    |   48TPI    |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   5    |   3   |     ON     | INSTALLED  |
     |   6    |   3   |     OFF    |   96 TPI   | 
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   7    |   4   |     OFF    | NO DRIVE   |
     |   8    |   4   |     OFF    |   *****    |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+

           Table E-2: Status Switch Example

     Notes:
          Drives 1 and 2 correspond to the Kaypro A: and B: 
          drives.  The TurboROM is required before drives 3
          and 4 can be accessed or any of the drives can be 96 
          TPI.


E.5.  Disk Drive Requirements

If additional (or different) floppy disk drives are to be 
installed, please observe the following items:

     1.  Only one floppy disk drive can have the terminating 
         resistors installed.  It is recommended that the one at 
         the end of the drive cable be the only drive that is 
         terminated.

     2.  The drives must be configured so that the drive spindle 
         motor turns when ever the MOTOR ON-signal is active 
         (independent of drive select).


                               E-3     



     3.  If the disk drive has a head load solenoid, the solenoid 
         must "load" whenever the drive is selected and the MOTOR 
         ON-signal is active.


E.6.  Kaypro 10 Compatibility

The Personality/Decoder Board is available in two versions:  '83 
and '84.  Both versions will work with Kaypro 10s, however they 
are mechanically different.  The '83 version is recommended for 
use when an Advent RAM disk has been installed.  The '84 version 
of the Personality/Decoder Board is recommended for all other 
Kaypro 10 installations.

Before the Personality/Decoder Board can be installed on Kaypro 
10 computers, the Decoder Board must be modified.  On the Kaypro 
10, the signal that other Kaypros use to select the second floppy 
disk drive, is used to reset the hard disk controller.  The 
modification for avoiding unwanted hard disk controller resets is 
detailed in the following section.


E.7.  Modifications for the Kaypro 10

The Personality/Decoder Board must be modified for use in the 
Kaypro 10, as explained above.  Please refer to the schematic 
diagram at the end of this appendix.  The modification detailed 
here avoids unwanted hard disk controller resets while allowing 
the installation of a maximum of two floppy drives on the Kaypro 
10 (either or both drives can be 96 TPI).

A circuit trace must be cut on the solder side of the 
Personality/Decoder Board.  The J1 connector, which attaches to 
the Kaypro main baord, carries the DRV B-select signal on pin 12.  
This trace must be cut between J1 pin 12 and the pull-up resistor 
RN2 pin 2.

If you intend adding a second floppy drive to your Kaypro 10, you 
will need to configure the Drive Select Jumpers on that floppy 
drive so that it is identified as DS3 (or the third drive select 
postion available).  If the second floppy will be attached at the 
end of the floppy data cable, it must also have the termination 
resistors installed.  In the following example, the 
Personality/Decoder status switch has been set for a Kaypro 10 
with two floppy disk drives.  The second drive is a 96 TPI drive:


                               E-4


     +--------+-------+------------+------------+ 
     | Status | Drive |   Switch   |   Switch   |
     | Switch |   #   |  Position  | Assignment |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   1    |   1   |    ON      | INSTALLED  |
     |   2    |   1   |    OFF     |   48TPI    |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   3    |   *   |     *      |     *      |
     |   4    |   *   |     *      |     *      |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   5    |   3   |    ON      | INSTALLED  |
     |   6    |   3   |    ON      |   96TPI    |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+
     |   7    |   *   |     *      |     *      |
     |   8    |   *   |     *      |     *      |
     +--------+-------+------------+------------+

      Table E-3: Kaypro 10 Status Switch Example

     NOTE:  *=doesn't matter, not used


E.8.  Fast Seek Option

A Fast Seek option is available for floppy disk drives which are 
capable of stepping faster than 6 ms/track.  Use of the fast seek 
option can provide significant speed improvements and noise 
reduction when used with floppy drives capable of fast step rates.  
Installation of this option is a two step process:

     1.  The Floppy Disk Controller chip must be removed, pin 22 
         must be bent out from the body of the chip, then re-
         install the chip.  A wire must then be connected from 
         pin 22 to ground to complete the circuit.

     2.  The TURBOCFG utility program is used to specify the 
         appropriate Step Rates in the Advanced Options Menu 
         choice.

A blue wire with a special connector is provided with the 
Personality/Decoder Board for connection to the Floppy Disk 
Controller chip pin 22, to facilitate the Fast Seek Option 
without requiring any soldering.

The Fast Seek option works ONLY with the TurboROM.  This option 
is NOT COMPATIBLE with any other ROM (including the original 
Kaypro ROM).  The option is NOT COMPATIBLE with commercial 
programs that directly access the Floppy Disk Controller chip 
(e.g. Uniform, Media Master, Fastback...).  Please refer to Note 
6 at E.9. in this Appendix.


                              bE-5



E.9.  Personality/Decoder Board Notes

Please note the following items:

     1.  Personality/Decoder boards for '84 model Kaypros have NO
         WIRE attached to point P1.  This wire is part of the 
         side select circuit for Kaypro II '83 models.

     2.  Personality/Decoder boards for '83 model Kaypros have a 
         white wire attached at point P1, for implementing a side 
         select circuit.  On a Kaypro II that has NOT already 
         been modified to use double sided drives, the circuit 
         trace identified as J3 in the schematic must be cut.
         This trace is located on the solder side of the 
         Personality/Decoder Board, between pins 4 and 11 of IC1.
         After cutting this trace, the white wire at P1 must be 
         attached to U72 pin 13 on the main Kaypro board to 
         complete the side select circuit.

     3.  The Floppy Disk Controller IC is removed during the
         installation of the Personality/Decoder Board and pin 32
         is bent out from its body.  This chip is then 
         reinstalled.  The white wire that originates at P2 of 
         the Personality/Decoder Board is connected to pin 32 of 
         the Floppy Disk Controller IC.  This connection enables 
         the TurboROM to read the status switch.  The location of 
         the IC depends on the model of Kaypro.  Please refer to 
         the following table.

         +-----+---------------+----------------------+
         | IC  | Model         | Identification       |
         +-----+---------------+----------------------+
         | U82 | '83 Models    | (one serial port)    |
         +-----+---------------+----------------------+
         | U44 | '84 Models    | (two serial ports)   |
         +-----+---------------+----------------------+
         | U74 | 10'83 Models  | (2 1/2" flat cable   |
         |     |               |  in center of board) |
         +-----+---------------+----------------------+

         Table E-4: Floppy Disk Controller IC Locations

     4.  Each version of the Personality/Decoder Board must be
         connected to a source of +5 volt power.  The red wire
         originating at P3 on the Personality/Decoder Board is 
         the power connection and should be hooked to the
         particular IC and pin as indicated in the following 
         table.


                               E-6



     +-----+-----+---------------+----------------------+
     |  IC | PIN | Model         | Identification       |
     +-----+-----+---------------+----------------------+
     | U86 | 14  | '83 Models    | (one serial port)    |
     +-----+-----+---------------+----------------------+
     | U72 | 14  | '84 Models    | (two serial ports)   |
     +-----+-----+---------------+----------------------+
     |U32  | 16  | 10'83 Models  | (2 1/2" flat cable   |
     |     |     |               |  in center of board) |
     +-----+-----+---------------+----------------------+               

       Table E-5: Personality/Decoder Power connection

     5.  A Fast Seek option is available for floppy disk drives 
         which are capable of stepping faster than 6 ms/track.
         The option is a two step process, as described in E.8. 
         of this appendix.

         The blue wire originating at IC 1, pin 7, on the 
         Personality/Decoder Board is provided for connection
         to the Floppy disk Controller IC pin 22.  (Refer to 
         Table E-4)

         Second, the TURBOCFG utility program is used to specify
         the appropriate Step Rates in the Advanced Options Menu 
         choice.  Please refer to the TURBOCFG section in Chapter 
         4.

     6.  If you use step rates faster than 6ms, as detailed in 
         E.9.5. above, there is a way to provide compatibility 
         with hardware specific programs such as Uniform, 
         Fastback, etc.  A switch can be used to connect pin 22
         of the floppy disk controller IC to ground (for step
         rates faster the 6ms), or to +5v (for step rates of 6ms
         or slower).  If you have set the step rate faster than
         6ms through the TURBOCFG.COM utility, the fast step rate
         will be used when the switch is connecting pin 22 of the
         floppy disk controller IC to ground.  When the switch is 
         connecting pin 22 to +5v,the step rate used will be 6ms, 
         which is the normal hardware limit of the floppy disk 
         controller IC.


                               E-7



                           Appendix F
                      Wordstar Enhancements


This appendix describes how to modify WordStar versions 3.0 and 
3.3 so that the Kaypro keypad and arrow keys can be re-defined.  
These modifications are NOT REQUIRED for the versions of WordStar 
bundled with the early '83 and '84 Kaypros.  Those versions were 
compatible with the '83 Kaypro keypad and arrow key definitions 
and are therefore compatible with the TurboROM.

WordStar bundled with Universal ROM Kaypros MUST be modified to 
work properly with the TurboROM.

These modifications are provided on an "as is" basis and are not 
warranted to work in all cases.  These modifications will probably 
not work with versions of WordStar that have been patched by 
other commercial or public domain programs to support specialized 
menus, printers or features such as built-in thesaurus utilities.


F.1.  Modifying WordStar

Locate a disk with the program DDT.COM.  The master CP/M disk 
will have DDT.COM.

     1.  Make a copy of your WordStar disk, TURBOGEN it with the
         TurboROM operating system, then PIP DDT.COM onto the 
         disk.

     2.  Determine which version of WordStar that you have by 
         reading the WordStar sign-on message.  WordStar version 
         3.3 was shipped on most Kaypros.  WordStar 3.0 was
         shipped with some early Kaypro IIs. 

     3.  If you have WordStar version 3.0, copy the file 
         WSKEY30.HEX to your copy of the WordStar diskette, from 
         the TurboROM Working Copy disk.  If you have version
         3.3, copy the file WSKEY33.HEX to your copy of the
         WordStar diskette from the TurboROM Working Copy disk.


                               F-1 


     4.  Place the copy of the WordStar diskette with DDT.COM 
         into a disk drive and log onto the disk.  In the 
         following example the diskette in drive B:

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|   B>DDT  WS.COM<cr>                                       |
|   DDT VERS 2.2                                                |
|   NEXT PC                                                     |
|   xxxx 0100                (xxxx depends on WS version)       |
|   -IWSKEY33.HEX<cr>   (WSKEY30.HEX for vers.  3.0)        |
|   -R<cr>                                                  |
|   NEXT PC                                                     |
|   xxxx 0100                                                   |
|   -<^c>                (Ctrl-C)                           |
|   Warm Boot                                                   |
|   B>SAVE  72  WS.COM<cr>                                  |
|                             (Save 73 WS.COM<cr>for vers 3.0)  |
|   DELETE FILE?Y                                           |
|   B>                                                          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

              Figure F-1: WordStar patching

On a Kaypro 10, you should place WSKEY33.HEX amd WS.COM into the 
same user area, making sure you have a back-up copy, elsewhere, 
of the original WS.COM.  DDT.COM should be on drive A, user area 
0.  Then follow step 4.

     NOTE:
         If you are installing the Backgrounder WordStar redraw
         screen patches on WordStar version3.0, you must do the
         Backgrounder patches first.  The order of the patches is
         not critical for WordStar version 3.3.


F.2.  Defining the Function Keys

The WSCONFIG.COM program is used to treat and modify the function 
key definitions.  the default definitions for the WordStar arrow 
keys are listed in the following table.  The Keypad defaults to 
what is engraved on the keytop.      


                               F-2                                                      



      +---------+-----------+-----------------------+
      |  Arrow  |  Control  |                       |
      |   Key   | Character | WordStar Function     |
      +---------+-----------+-----------------------+
      | <up>    |   <^E>    | up one line           |
      | <down>  |   <^X>    | down one line         |
      | <left>  |   <^S>    | back one character    |
      | <right> |   <^D>    | forward one character |
      +---------+-----------+-----------------------+

         Table F-1: WordStar Arrow Key Defaults

To use the WSCONFIG program, your patched WordStar disk should be 
in the logged-in drive and enter:

     A>WSCONFIG<cr>

The WSCONFIG program provides on-screen instructions for its use.  
The program will then present a list of keypad and arrow keys 
capable of being re-defined.

Press the key to be defined, then enter either text or a WordStar 
command.  The maximum number of characters that you can attach to 
any key must fit on the display line.  The total number of 
characters available for definition is about 90.  You can put a 
carriage return into your definition by pressing the <RETURN> 
key; this will be symbolized as ^M on the screen display.

There is no editing capability during the key definition, so if 
you make a mistake you must terminate the definition by entering 
<^@> and start over.  Only when you exit the program with a <^G> 
will the definitions be written to WordStar.

These definitions will remain active every time you use WordStar.  
WSCONFIG can be used to change the definitions at any time.


                               F-3                       



                           Appendix G
                 TurboROM Video Control Commands


This appendix lists all of the video sequences recognized by the 
TurboROM.  It is intended as a reference and not as a tutorial.  
The TurboROM video driver responds to the control characters 
listed in the following table.  All other control characters are 
ignored and are not displayed on the video screen.

     +--------------------+--------+-----+-------+
     | FUNCTION           | CHAR   | HEX | NOTES |
     +--------------------+--------+-----+-------+
     | LEAD-IN CHARACTER  | ESC    | 1B  |       |
     | CURSOR HOME        | CTRL ^ | 1E  |       |
     | INSERT CHARACTER   | CTRL A | 01  |  1,2  |
     | DELETE CHARACTER   | CTRL B | 02  |  1,2  |
     | BELL               | CTRL G | 07  |       |
     | CURSOR LEFT        | CTRL H | 08  |       |
     | TAB                | CTRL I | 09  |  1,2  |
     | LINE FEED          | CTRL J | 0A  |       |
     | CURSOR UP          | CTRL K | 0B  |       |
     | CURSOR RIGHT       | CTRL L | 0C  |       |
     | CARRIAGE RETURN    | CTRL M | 0D  |       |
     | ERASE EOS          | CTRL W | 17  |       |
     | ERASE EOL          | CTRL X | 18  |       |
     | ERASE SCREEN       | CTRL Z | 1A  |       |
     +--------------------+--------+-----+-------+

          Table G-1: TurboROM Control Codes

     NOTES:
     1.  New feature added by TurboROM
     2.  ProGRAPHICS TurboROM does not recgonize these control
         codes.  Refer to the ProGRAPHICS manual for equivalent
         escape sequences.

The TurboROM video driver responds to the escape sequences listed 
in the following table.  The ASCII/GREEK sequences are supported 
in the '83, '84, and Kaypro 10 versions of the TurboROM.  These 
sequences determine how lower case ASCII characters are 
displayed.


                               G-1



      +--------------------+----------------+-------+
      | FUNCTION           | SEQUENCE       | NOTES |
      +--------------------+----------------+-------+
      | DISPLAY ASCII      | ESC A          |  2,3  |
      | DISPLAY GREEK      | ESC G          |  2,3  |
      | INSERT LINE        | ESC E          |       |
      | DELETE LINE        | ESC R          |       |
      | SET CURSOR         | ESC U<N>       | 1,3,4 |
      | POSITION CURSOR    | ESC =<Y><X>    |       |
      +--------------------+----------------+-------+

          Table G-2: TurboROM ESCAPE SEQUENCES

      NOTES:
      1.  New feature added by TurboROM
      2.  Displays thin line graphics on '84 ROMs.
      3.  ProGRAPHICS version does not recognize this escape 
          sequence.
      4.  '84 computers (two serial ports) only

          <Y> represents row number +32 decimal
          <X> represents column number +32 decimal.

The following escape sequence is unique to the ProGRAPHICS 
version of the TurboROM.  This sequence is used to disable the 
emulation of the ProGRAPHICS screen by the TurboROM.

      +-------------------+----------------+-------+
      | FUNCTION          | SEQUENCE       | NOTES |
      +-------------------+----------------+-------+
      | DISABLE EMULATION | ESC X          |   1   |
      +-------------------+----------------+-------+

     Table G-3: ProGRAPHICS TurboROM ESCAPE SEQUENCES

     NOTES:
     1.  New feature added by TurboROM

The escape sequences listed in the following tables are supported 
by the '84 and Kaypro 10 version of the TurboROM.


                               G-2


+-------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| FUNCTION          | SEQUENCE              | NOTES |
+-------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| WRITE PIXEL       | ESC *<V1><H1>         |       |
| ERASE PIXEL       | ESC < ><V1><H1>       |       |
| DRAW LINE         | ESC L<V1><H1><V2><H2> |       |
| DELETE LINE       | ESC D<V1><H1><V2><H2> |       |
| INVERSE VIDEO ON  | ESC B0                |       |
| INVERSE VIDEO OFF | ESC C0                |       |
| LOW INTENSITY ON  | ESC B1                |       |
| LOW INTENSITY OFF | ESC C1                |       |
| BLINKING ON       | ESC B2                |       |  
| BLINKING OFF      | ESC C2                |       |
| UNDERLINE ON      | ESC B3                |       |
| UNDERLINE OFF     | ESC C3                |       |
| CURSOR ON         | ESC B4                |       |
| CURSOR OFF        | ESC C4                |       |
| GRAPHICS MODE ON  | ESC B5                |   2   |
| GRAPHICS MODE OFF | ESC C5                |   2   |
| SAVE CURSOR       | ESC B6                |   3   |
| RESTORE CURSOR    | ESC C6                |   3   |
| STATUS LINE ON    | ESC B7                |   3   |
| STATUS LINE OFF   | ESC C7                |   3   |
| CLOCK DISPLAY ON  | ESC B8                |   1   |
| CLOCK DISPLAY OFF | ESC C8                |   1   |
| ALT CHAR GEN ON   | ESC B9                |   1   |
| ALT CHAR GEN OFF  | ESC C9                |   1   |
+-------------------+-----------------------+-------+

  Table G-4: '84, and K10 TurboROM ESCAPE SEQUENCES

     NOTES:
     1.  New feature added by TurboROM.
     2.  Sequence is ignored by the TurboROM (same as Kaypro).
     3.  Sequence is different than Kaypro usage (see text).

         <V1>represents vertical pixel position +32 decimal.
         <H1>represents horizontal pixel position +32 decimal.
         <V2>represents vertical pixel position +32 decimal.
         <H2>represents horizontal pixel position +32 decimal.


                               G-3


 
The video code used by the TurboROM has corrected several errors 
that were present in the Kaypro implementation.  The most 
significant improvements are:

     1.  The SAVE and RESTORE CURSOR sequences now correctly
         save and restore not only the cursor location but also 
         the video attributes that were active when the cursor 
         was saved.

     2.  The INSERT and DELETE LINE (text) sequences now actually 
         work.

     3.  A more consistent treatment regarding the use of the 
         25th line. 

     4.  A number of bugs were resolved in the line drawing and 
         pixel graphics routines.


                               G-4


                           Appendix H
              Early Kaypro 10, Field Upgrade 81-303

This appendix describes a modification to enable the use of the 
TurboROM with Kaypro 10s that use the 81-188 monitor EPROM.  This 
modification requires circuitry changes that will make the 81-
188 EPROM unuseable and is therefore not easily reversible.  
After these modifications have been made, the Kaypro 10 will have 
been upgraded to work with the TurboROM or the Kaypro 81-302 ROM.

Kaypro 10 computers have a small circuit board that is used as an 
adapter between the main Kaypro circuit board and the hard disk 
controller board.  Kaypro has shipped at least two different 
versions of this small circuit board; the TurboROM is not 
compatible with the early version.

Kaypro issued Field Upgrade 81-303 to retro-fit the early Kaypro 
10s with the latest version of the small circuit board and to 
update the monitor EPROM to the 81-302 version.  The upgrade was 
performed by Kaypro dealers at no charge.


H.1.  Identifying an Early Kaypro 10

For the purpose of this appendix, early Kaypro 10 main boards can 
be identified by the label on the EPROM at IC position U42.  If 
the label specifies an 81-302 EPROM, you should not make, nor do 
you require the changes identified in this appendix.,  If the 
EPROM label specifies 81-188, this appendix identifies a way to 
make your computer compatible with the TurboROM.  The alternative 
is to have your Kaypro dealer perform the upgrade identified in 
Kaypro literature as Field Upgrade 81-303.

Kaypro's Field Upgrade 81-303 requires the following steps:

     1.  Replace the early version of the small circuit board 
         with a later model.

     2.  Replace the 81-188 monitor EPROM with the 81-302 monitor 
         EPROM.


                               H-1


The remainder of this appendix describes how to modify the early 
version of the small circuit board to be functionally equivalent 
to the later version.  The computer will then be compatible with 
and ready for installation of the TurboROM. (Or the Kaypro 81-302 
EPROM)


H.2.  Making the Upgrade for the TurboROM

1.  Make the TurboROM Boot Disk

    You must have a bootable floppy disk prepared for the 
    TurboROM.  Follow the instructions in Chapter 3 of this
    manual on making a bootable TurboROM Diskette.


2.  Remove the Kaypro Cover

    Turn the Kaypro OFF.

    Unplug the Kaypro from the power source.

    Using a medium sized Phillips screwdriver, remove the four 
    screws on each side and the two screws on the top of the 
    cover.  Remove the cover and set it aside.


3.  Remove the Main Board

    Carefully disconnect the five cables connected to the Kaypro 
    main board.

    Remove the screws that secure the back edge of the main 
    circuit board to the Kaypro case.

    Remove the two screws that secure the front edge of the main 
    circuit board to the two plastic standoffs.

    Remove the main circuit board and set it aside.


4.  Remove the Small Circuit Board

    Locate the small circuit board mounted on the CRT side of the 
    sheet metal bracket that encloses the hard disk drive.


                               H-2



    Disconnect the two ribbon cables that are attached to the 
    small circuit board.

    Remove the four screws that secure the small circuit board to 
    the sheet metal.


5.  Modify the Small Circuit Board                               

    Make the following changes to the small circuit board.  
    Keep the wiring short and as neat as possible.  The set
    of 50 pins will be referred to as J1; the set of 40 pins will 
    be referred to as J2.  On the solder side of the circuit 
    board, a square solder pad identifies pin 1 of each set of
    pins.  All pins in the row with pin 1 are the odd numbered 
    pins, all pins in the other row are even numbered pins.  Refer
    to Appendix E for basic information concerning the pin 
    numbering of IC's.  Wires should be installed on the solder
    side of the circuit board.

    1.  Cut the trace that runs from J1 pin 45 to J2 pin 39.
    2.  Cut the trace that runs from U1 pin 7 to U1 pin 2.
    3.  Add a wire from U1 pin 1 to J1 pin 45.
    4.  Add a wire from U1 pin 3 to J2 pin 39.
    5.  Add a wire from U1 pin 2 to U1 pin 14.


6.  Re-install the Small Circuit Board

    Re-connect the two ribbon cables to the smalkl circuit board.

    Install the four screws that secure the small circuit board 
    to the sheet metal.


7.  Re-install the Main Circuit Board

    Set the main circuit board in place.

    Re-install the screws that secure the back edge of the main 
    circuit board to the Kaypro case.

    Re-install the two screws that secure the front edge of the 
    main circuit board to the two plastic standoffs.


                               h-3



    Carefully re-connect the five cables to the Kaypro main 
    board.


8.  Installation of the Monitor EPROM

    Carefully remove the 81-188 EPROM installed in the socket at
    location U42 on the main circuit board.

    Install the TurboROM and the adapter kit.  Please refer to 
    the instructions in Chapter 3 for the proper installation of 
    the TurboROM, and Appendix D for installation of the adapter.  
    The 81-302 EPROM can be plugged directly into the socket at 
    U42 without using an adapter.


9.  Check-Out

    With the cover removed, test the machine as indicated in 
    3.4.5., in Chapter 3 of this manual.  If all goes well, 
    replace the cover.  Then continue with the instructions in 
    Chapter 3. 


H.3.  Early Kaypro 10 Upgrade 81-303, Explanation

The two versions of the small circuit board differ primarily in 
how they generate the master reset signal for the hard disk 
controller board.  The early version connected the second floppy 
disk drive select signal directly to the hard disk controller 
master reset.  The later version of the small circuit board uses 
the inverted second floppy disk drive select line for connection 
to the hard disk controller master reset. 

The modification to the early version of the small circuit board 
detailed in this appendix inserts an inverter into the master 
reset logic for the hard disk controller.  The addition of the 
inverter makes the early board functionally equivalent to the 
later version.

Note:   The original Kaypro utilities PUTSYS.COM, PUTOVL.COM
        and FMT305.COM, which were provided with the computer
        should not be used after these modifications.  If you 
        are inserting the Kaypro 81-302 ROM, replace these system 
        utilities with versions from a later model Kaypro 10.  If
        you are inserting the TurboROM, the utilities 
        TURBOGEN.COM and K10FMT.COM, provided on the TurboROM
        Support Software Diskette, should be used.


                               H-4



                              Index


A
Adding Floppy Disk Drives, 5-7
Adding Hard Drives, 5-8
Advanced Option Menu, 6-3
Advent Floppy Formats, 5-7
Advent Hard Disk Format
  1024 Byte, 6-2, 6-3
  512 Byte, 6-2, 6-3
ADVFMT Hard Disk Formatter, 3-7, 3-11, 5-9
Alternate Character Generator, 5-13
Arrow Keys, 4-8, 4-10, 5-16, F-1

B
Backgrounder, F-2
Bad Track Report, 6-5
BDOS, 4-4
BIOS, 4-4
BIOS Source Code, 5-1

C
CCP, 5-1
Changes to CCP COmmands, 5-2
  DIR, 5-2
  ERA, 5-2
  REN, 5-2
  SAVE, 5-3
  TYPE, 5-2
Clock Display, 4-11
Cold Boot Command, 4-12
Command Search Path, 5-4
Compatibility
  '83 TurboROM, 1-3
  '84 TurboROM, 1-3
  10 TurboROM, 1-3
  ProGRAPHICS TurboROM, 1-3
  Universal ROM, 1-4
CONFIG, 4-4

 

C (cont'd)
Configuration Menu, 4-6
Console Port, 4-7
COPY, 2-1
CP/M Directory Initialization, 6-8
CP/M Logical Drive Names, 4-14, 5-5
CP/M Partitions, 6-5, 6-6, 6-7, 6-8, 6-10
CPMCONFG, 4-4
CPME.PRL, 4-1
Cursor, 1-1, 4-9, 5-12

D
DateStamper, 1-1, 2-7, 3-9, 4-2
DDT, 6-11, F-1, F-2
Default Values, 6-3
  CP/M Block Size, 6-7
  CP/M Partitions, 6-6
  Directory Entries, 6-7
  Partition Size, 6-7
  Sector Skew, 6-3
Delete Character, 5-12
Disk De-select Timing, 4-11
  Interrupt, 4-11
  Non-interrupt, 4-11
Drive Partitioning, 6-5

E
Early Kaypro 10
  8K EPROM Modification, D-1
  Field Upgrade 81-303, H1
Early Kaypro II
  4K EPROM Modification, A-1
  Double Sided Drives, B-1
  Field Service Bulletin #4, C-1
  4K EPROM Modification, A-2
EMULATE, 5-17

F
Fast Seek Option, 4-12, 5-7, E-5, E-7
FASTCOPY, 2-1, 3-1
Field Upgrade 81-303, H-1
Flaw Map, 6-4



F(cont'd)
Floppy Disk Drives, 4-14, 5-6, E-1
  96 TPI, E-1
  Adding, E-1
  Requirements, E-3
Floppy Disk Formats, 5-6
FLPYFMT, 3-1
FORMAT, 2-1

G
Graphics Character Set, 5-11
Greek Character Set, 5-11

H
Hard Disk Drives, 4-15, 5-8, 6-1
Hard Disk Paramenter Sector, 6-8

I
Insert Character, 5-12, G-1
INSTALDS, 4-2
Installation Notes
  '83 TurboROM, 2-4
  '84 TurboROM, 2-5
  ProGRAPHICS TurboROM, 2-5
Installing the TurboROM
  Non-Kaypro 10, 2-1, 2-5
  Kaypro 10, 3-5
IOBYTE, 4-7

K
K10FMT Kaypro 10 Hard Disk Formatter, 1-2, 1-4, 3-3, 3-7,
                                      3-10, 3-11, 5-9, 6-1
Kaypro 10 Hard Disk Format, 6-2
Key Clicks, 4-9
Keypad, 4-8, 4-10, 5-6, F-1

L
Landing Zone, 6-6
Logical Drive Names, 4-14, 5-5


M
Main Menu, 4-5
MAKTURBO, 2-3, 3-4, 4-1, 5-1
Manufacturer's Flaw Map, 6-4
MOVCPM, 3-4, 4-1
MOVTURBO, 2-3, 2-8, 3-4, 3-9, 4-2, 4-4, 4-6
MULTICOPY, 1-1, 5-7

N
New CCP Commands, 5-13, G-1-3
  DFU, 5-4
  GET, 5-3
  GO, 5-3
  JUMP, 5-4
  LIST, 5-3
New Video Features, 5-12
Notation and conventions, 1-5
Numeric Keys, 4-8, 4-10, 5-16, F-1

P
P*PS CP/M Enhancements, 2-3, 2-7, 3-3
Parameter Sector, 6-8, 6-10, 6-11
Partition Description, 6-6
PEEK, 2-7, 3-8, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4
Personality/Decoder Board, 5-7, E-1
PIP, 2-2, 3-1, 3-2
Printer Port, 4-7
  CRT:, 4-8
  LPT:, 4-8
  TTY:, 4-8
  UL1:, 4-8
ProGRAPHICS, 1-2, 2-5, 5-12, 5-15, 5-16, 5-17, G-1-2
PUTOVL, 3-2, 3-10, 6-9
PUTSYS, 3-2, 6-9

R
RAM Disk, 1-2, 4-14, 5-10


S
SAFETY, 3-10
Screen Blanking, 5-14
  '83 TurboROM, 5-14
  '84 TurboROM, 5-14
  ProGRAPHICS TurboROM, 5-15
Screen Dump, 1-1, 4-10, 5-16
Sector Skew, 6-3, 6-10
Serial Port(s), 4-7
  Baud Rate, 4-7
  Data Bits, 4-7
  Handshaking, 4-7
  Parity, 4-7
  Stop Bits, 4-7
Smartkey, 4-9
Status Line, 5-11
SYSGEN, 2-1, 4-13
System Parameters, 4-4

T
Tab Character, 5-12, G-1
Time Display, 1-1, 4-11
TPA, 4-4
Trademarks, 1-5
TURB-DS.PRL, 4-2
TURBO-BS.ASM, 5-1
TURBO-BS.REL, 4-1
TURBOCFG, 1-2, 4-4, 4-5, 4-6, 4-8, 5-7, 5-16, E-5, E-7
TURBOCPY, 4-12
TURBOGEN, 2-3, 2-8, 2-9, 3-4, 3-7, 3-9, 4-2, 4-13, 5-10, F-1
TURBOMAP, 4-13, 4-15, 5-5, 5-10
TurboROM Adapter Kit
  Early Kaypro II, A-1
  Early Kaypro 10, D-1
TurboROM Diskette Backup
  Kaypro 10s, 3-1
  Non-Kaypro 10s, 2-1


T(cont'd)
TurboROM Drive Nomenclature, 4-14
  Advent Hard Disk Format, 4-15
  Floppy Disk Drives, 4-14
  Kaypro 10 Hard Disk, 4-15
  RAM Disk, 4-14
TurboROM INSTALLATI9ON
  Kaypro 10, 3-1
  Non-Kaypro 10, 2-1, 2-5
TurboROM NOTES, 5-1
TurboROM OVERVIEW, 1-1
TurboROM UTILITIES, 4-1
TurboROM Video Sequences, G-1
TURBOSET Floppy Formats, 5-7
TURBOSYS.PRL, 4-2
Type-ahead, 1-1, 4-9

U
Universal ROM, 1-4, 3-5, 3-7, 3-10, F-1
User Numbers, 3-1, 3-2
Using TURBOMAP, 4-15

V
Video Control Codes and Escape Sequences, 5-11, G-1
Video Features, 5-11, G-1

W
WordStar Enhancements, F-1
Writing CP/M to the System Tracks
  Kaypro System, 6-9
  TurboROM System, 6-8
WSCONFIG, F-2, F-3
WSKEY30.HEX, F-1, F-2 
WSKEY33.HEX, F-1, F-2

Z
ZCPR1, 4-1, 5-1

